medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2018-97-10-951-956medlit-1000Research ArticleОЦЕНКА РИСКОВ ДЛЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯHEALTH RISK ASSESSMENTОценка алиментарно обусловленных рисков, связанных с особенностями питания городских мужчин МонголииEvaluation of alimentary related risks associated with peculiarities of nutrition of urban men in MongoliaТармаеваИнна ЮрьевнаTarmaevaInna Yu.

Доктор мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. гигиены труда и гигиены питания ФГБОУ ВО «Иркутский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России.

e-mail: t38_69@mail.ru

MD, Ph.D., DSci., professor, head of the Department of occupational hygiene and food hygiene of the Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, 664003, Russian Federation.

e-mail: t38_69@mail.ru

t38_69@mail.ruБраунОдонцэцэгBrownOdontsetsegnoemail@neicon.ruЕфимоваН. В.EfimovaN. V.noemail@neicon.ruФГБОУ ВО «Иркутский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияIrkutsk State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Иркутский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; Фонд содействия развитию здравоохраненияРоссияIrkutsk State Medical University; Foundation for health policy promotionRussian FederationФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований»РоссияEast-Siberian Institute of Medical and Environmental ResearchRussian Federation2018221020209710951956Copyright © Тармаева И.Ю., Браун О., Ефимова Н.В., 20202020Тармаева И.Ю., Браун О., Ефимова Н.В.Tarmaeva I.Y., Brown O., Efimova N.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1000Введение

Введение. В целях оценки рисков по накоплению в организме токсичных и условно токсичных химических элементов было изучено питание жителей г. Эрдэнэт (Монголия), работающих на одноимённом горно-обогатительном комбинате. 

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. В исследовании участвовали 160 мужчин 30–60 лет, средний возраст 41,2 ± 1,1 лет. Оценка питания проводилась анкетным методом на основании ведения пищевых дневников в течение трёх дней. Содержание химических элементов в водно-пищевых рационах рассчитывалось по данным многоэлементного анализа образцов местных пищевых продуктов и питьевой воды, проведённого методом масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно связанной плазмой. Проводился расчёт канцерогенного и неканцерогенного риска. 

Результаты

Результаты. Показано, что структура питания обследованных недостаточно сбалансирована, в рационе практически отсутствуют рыба и морепродукты, свежие овощи и фрукты. Суммарный индекс неканцерогенной опасности, связанной с поступлением в организм 26 химических элементов в составе водно-пищевого рациона, превышает безопасный уровень в 6,98 раза, главным образом за счёт фосфора, меди, железа, цинка. Величина неканцерогенной опасности токсичных и условно эссенциальных элементов (0,59 и 0,12 соответственно) не превышает 1. Основной вклад вносится за счёт поступления токсикантов с пищей (96,6%). Питьевая вода становится опасной для употребления при наличии в ней свинца, алюминия, бора, никеля и ванадия. Индивидуальный канцерогенный риск, обусловленный поступлением канцерогенов с пищей (2,4 ∙ 10-4), как и суммарный канцерогенный риск, связанный с пероральным путём поступления (2,6 ∙ 10-4) оцениваются как неприемлемые для населения в целом. При этом основной вклад в уровень суммарного перорального риска вносится за счёт хрома (95,8%). 

Заключение

Заключение. Обсуждены возможные источники избыточного поступления указанных элементов в рацион питания людей и рассмотрены подходы к снижению воздействия факторов риска, связанных с неадекватным питанием и поступлением в организм токсичных и условно-токсичных химических элементов с водой и пищей. Предложены мероприятия по рационализации питания, которые дают возможность обеспечить профилактику важнейших неинфекционных заболеваний.

Introduction

Introduction. In order to assess the alimentary risks, the accumulation of toxic and conditionally toxic chemical elements in the body, the nutrition of the inhabitants of Erdenet (Mongolia), working at the same ore mining and processing enterprise, was studied. 

Material and methods

Material and methods. The study involved 160 men aged 30-60 years, the average age was 41.2 ± 1.1 years. Evaluation of nutrition was executed using the questionnaire method on the basis of food diaries for 3 days. The content of chemical elements in water-food rations was calculated from the multi-element analysis of samples of local food products and drinking water, carried out by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Calculation of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk was carried out in accordance with the guidance of P 2.1.10.1920-04.

Results

Results. The nutrition structure of the examinees is not well balanced, there is practically no fish and seafood, fresh vegetables and fruits in the diet. The daily diet provides an excessive supply of molybdenum, chromium, copper, sodium, manganese. The total index of non-carcinogenic danger associated with the entry into the body of 26 chemical elements in the composition of the water-food ration exceeds the safe level by 6.98 times, mainly due to phosphorus, copper, iron, zinc. The level of non-carcinogenic toxic and conditionally essential elements does not exceed 1 (0.59 and 0.12, respectively). The main contribution is made by the entry of toxicants with food (96.6%). Drinking water as a source of danger is important only for lead, aluminum, boron, nickel, and vanadium. Individual carcinogenic risk due to the intake of carcinogens with food (2.4 × 10-4), as well as the total carcinogenic risk associated with oral route of admission (2.6 × 10-4) is estimated as unacceptable for the general population. At the same time, chromium (95.8%) makes the main contribution to the level of total oral risk.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Possible sources of excess intake of these elements in the diet were discussed. There have been proposed measures to rationalize nutrition, which will ensure the prevention of major non-communicable diseases.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.