medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-9-968-974medlit-1022Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ПИТАНИЯFOOD HYGIENEБезопасность сельскохозяйственной продукции: многокомпонентное определение остаточных количеств пестицидов в зернеSafety of agricultural products: multicomponent determination of pesticide residues in cerealshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-6507РакитскийВ. Н.RakitskiiValerii N.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8278-6382ФедороваНаталия ЕвгеньевнаFedorovaNataliia E.

Доктор биол. наук, зав. отделом аналитических методов контроля ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 1410014, Мытищи, Московская область.

e-mail: analyt1@yandex.ru

MD, Ph.D., DSci., Head of the department of analytical control methods, F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, 141014, Mytishchi, Moscow region, Russian Federation.

e-mail: analyt1@yandex.ru

analyt1@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4653-6970ЕгорченковаО. Е.EgorchenkovaOlga E.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3324-5090ГречинаМ. С.GrechinaMarina S.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8181-4409СусловаА. В.SuslovaAlena V.noemail@neicon.ruФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» РоспотребнадзораF.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare202020102020999968974Copyright © Ракитский В.Н., Федорова Н.Е., Егорченкова О.Е., Гречина М.С., Суслова А.В., 20202020Ракитский В.Н., Федорова Н.Е., Егорченкова О.Е., Гречина М.С., Суслова А.В.Rakitskii V.N., Fedorova N.E., Egorchenkova O.E., Grechina M.S., Suslova A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1022Введение

Введение. Зерно составляет важную часть в питании человека и в настоящее время принадлежит к продуктам, в большом объёме производимым и потребляемым во всём мире. Зерновые культуры возделывают с применением целого ряда химических средств защиты растений (гербицидов, инсектицидов, фунгицидов, регуляторов роста). В этой связи анализ остаточных количеств пестицидов, включая оптимизацию, развитие методов и программ мониторинга, приобретает особую важность.

Цель работы состояла в создании многокомпонентного метода определения остаточных количеств пестицидов различных химических классов и их метаболитов в зерне хлебных злаков.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Идентификацию и количественное определение действующих веществ пестицидов различных классов (неоникотиноиды, триазолы, имидазолы, пиретроиды, фосфорорганические соединения, стробилурины и др.) при совместном присутствии выполняли методами, основанными на применении жидкостной и газожидкостной хроматографии с масс-спектрометрическим детектированием (ВЭЖХ-МС/МС и ГЖХ-МС). В качестве метода пробоподготовки использована технология QuEChERS, основанная на экстракции пестицидов органическим растворителем из гомогенизированного образца зерна в присутствии солей, содержащих цитратный буфер, и очистке экстрактов от полярных соединений дисперсионной твердофазной экстракцией.

Результаты

Результаты. Созданный многокомпонентный метод определения остаточных количеств пестицидов различных химических классов и их метаболитов (всего 40 наименований) в зерне хлебных злаков использован для контроля уровней исследованных ксенобиотиков в образцах зерна пшеницы, ячменя и кукурузы, произведённых в различных регионах Российской Федерации (Московская, Ленинградская, Орловская, Омская, Воронежская, Рязанская, Ростовская, Волгоградская области, Краснодарский край), а также в зерне риса (страна происхождения Вьетнам), приобретённого на потребительском рынке. Идентифицированные уровни отдельных действующих веществ были существенно ниже установленных величин МДУ.

Заключение

Заключение. Разработанный метод направлен на методическое обеспечение контроля безопасности пищевой продукции.

Introduction

Introduction. Cereal grain is an important part of the human daily diet and belongs to a large number of food items produced and consumed throughout the world. Cereals are cultivated using a long list of chemical plant protection products (herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators). In this connection, the analysis of pesticide residues, including optimization, development of monitoring methods, and programs, is of particular importance.

Purpose of the work

Purpose of the work. To create a multicomponent method for determining residual amounts of pesticides of various chemical classes and their metabolites in cereals.

Material and methods

Material and methods. The identification and quantitative determination of the active substances of pesticides of various classes (neonicotinoids, triazoles, imidazoles, pyrethroids, organophosphorus compounds, strobilurins, etc.) in the joint presence were performed by methods based on the use of liquid and gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. The QuEChERS technology was used as a sample preparation method, based on the extraction of pesticides with an organic solvent from a homogenized grain sample in the presence of salts containing citrate buffer and purification of the extracts from polar compounds by solid-state dispersion extraction.

Results

Results. The developed multicomponent method for determining the residual amounts of pesticides of various chemical classes and their metabolites (40 items in total) in cereals was used to control the levels of xenobiotics studied in wheat, barley and corn samples produced in various regions of the Russian Federation (Moscow, Leningrad, Orel, Omsk, Voronezh, Ryazan, Rostov, Volgograd regions, Krasnodar Area), as well as in rice grain (the country of origin is the Socialist Republic of Vietnam) purchased using a consumer buying process. The identified levels of individual active substances were significantly lower than the established values of the maximum allowable level.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The developed method is aimed at methodological support of food safety control.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.