medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-9-975-979medlit-1023Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ПИТАНИЯFOOD HYGIENEВлияние обогащённых продуктов на содержание железа, йода и цинка в рационах учащихся школ Республики ТаджикистанThe influence of fortified food products on dietary iron, iodine, and zinc content in Tajik schoolchildrenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5125-5116КиричукАнатолий АлександровичKirichukAnatoly A.

Канд. сельхоз. наук; доцент; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов», 117198, Москва.

e-mail: kirichuk-aa@rudn.ru

MD, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.

e-mail: kirichuk-aa@rudn.ru

kirichuk-aa@rudn.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2067-8014РахманинЮ. А.RakhmaninYury A.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-4315СкальныйА. А.SkalnyAndrey A.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4707-9353АйсуваковаО. П.AjsuvakovaOlga P.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0348-6192ТиньковА. А.TinkovAleksey A.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-4139ГрабеклисА. Р.GrabeklisAndrey R.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7838-1366СкальныйА. В.SkalnyAnatoly V.noemail@neicon.ruФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»Peoples’ Friendship University of RussiaФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентстваCentre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological AgencyФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»; ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный университет им. П.Г. Демидова»; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)»Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia; Demidov Yaroslavl State University; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)»Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)202020102020999975979Copyright © Киричук А.А., Рахманин Ю.А., Скальный А.А., Айсувакова О.П., Тиньков А.А., Грабеклис А.Р., Скальный А.В., 20202020Киричук А.А., Рахманин Ю.А., Скальный А.А., Айсувакова О.П., Тиньков А.А., Грабеклис А.Р., Скальный А.В.Kirichuk A.A., Rakhmanin Y.A., Skalny A.A., Ajsuvakova O.P., Tinkov A.A., Grabeklis A.R., Skalny A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1023Введение

Введение. Целью исследования явилось определение содержания железа, йода и цинка в рационах обедов школьников Республики Таджикистан, а также влияния включения в рацион продуктов, предоставляемых Всемирной продовольственной программой (ВПП) ООН.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Исследование проведено в 2 типах школ, расположенных в Пенджикентском и Айнинском районах Республики Таджикистан. Школы 1-го типа не участвовали в программах по улучшению школьного питания, тогда как школы 2-го типа участвовали в программе ВПП ООН по предоставлению обогащённых микроэлементами продуктов и в государственной программе по улучшению инфраструктуры и предоставлению горячего питания. Анализ содержания железа, йода и цинка проводили методом масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно-связанной плазмой.

Результаты

Результаты. Содержание железа, йода и цинка в обогащённой микроэлементами пшеничной муке, предоставляемой ВПП ООН, превышало соответствующие значения у пшеничной муки местного производства в 2,3; 14 и 4,7 раза соответственно. Йодированная соль ВПП ООН характеризовалась 11-кратным превышением уровня йода по сравнению с образцами местной соли. Использование обогащённой железом и цинком пшеничной муки, а также йодированной соли в школах 2-го типа приводило к достоверному повышению потребления железа, йода и цинка в 2,5; 12, а также 4 раза относительно показателей школ 1-го типа соответственно.

Заключение

Заключение. Таким образом, программа ВПП ООН наряду с организационными мероприятиями по улучшению школьного питания обеспечивала до 50 и 100% суточной потребности детей в железе и цинке, тогда как в случае йода даже превышала данные нормы, что свидетельствует об эффективности проводимых мероприятий. В то же время осуществление подобных мероприятий должно проводиться под контролем мониторинга уровня микроэлементов в организме как с целью оценки эффективности, так и безопасности программ.

Introduction

Introduction. The objective of the study is an assessment of dietary iron, iodine, and zinc content in school dinners in Tajik schoolchildren, as well as the influence of the use of fortified products supplied by the UN World Food Programme.

Material and methods

Material and methods. The investigation is performed in two types of schools located in Penjikent and Ayni regions of the Tajikistan Republic. Type 1 schools were not involved in the program of school nutrition improvement, whereas type 2 schools took part in the WFP UN program on the supply of fortified products, as well as the governmental program on improvement of infrastructure and provision of hot meals.

Results and discussion

Results and discussion. Iron, iodine, and zinc content in fortified wheat flour supplied by WFP UN exceeded the respective values of the local product by a factor of 2.3, 14, and 4.7. Iodized salt (WFP UN) was characterized by an 11-fold increase in iodine content as compared to the locally used salt. The use of fortified wheat flour and iodized salt in type 2 schools for the preparation of school dinners should provide an increased dietary intake of iron, iodine, and zinc by a factor of 2.5, 12, and 4, when compared to type 1 schools, respectively.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Therefore, WFP UN along with governmental efforts aimed at improvement of school meals provided from 50% to 100% of the recommended dietary allowance for iron and zinc, whereas in the case of iodine even exceeded recommended values, being indicative of the efficiency of the efforts. At the same time, such programs should be supported by trace element monitoring in the organism for assessment of both efficiency and safety.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.