medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-5-504-508medlit-103Research ArticleПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕPREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATIONЖелезo, его метаболизм в организме человека и гигиеническое нормирование в питьевой воде. Обзор. Часть 2Iron Metabolism in the Human Body and Setting its Hygienic Limits for Drinking Water. Review. Part 2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6751-6149ЕгороваНаталия АлександровнаEgorovaNatalija A.

Доктор мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены окружающей среды, ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России.

e-mail: tussy@list.ru

MD., Ph.D., DSci., leading researcher of the Environmental health department of the Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Centre for Strategic Planning, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation.

e-mail: tussy@list.ru

tussy@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7413-2901КанатниковаН. В.KanatnikovaN. V.noemail@neicon.ruФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» ФМБА РоссииРоссияCentre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological AgencyRussian FederationФБУЗ «Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Орловской области»РоссияCentre of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Orel RegionRussian Federation202007072020995504508Copyright © Егорова Н.А., Канатникова Н.В., 20202020Егорова Н.А., Канатникова Н.В.Egorova N.A., Kanatnikova N.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/103

Железо - эссенциальный элемент, незаменимый для роста, деления, дифференцировки и функционирования любой живой клетки организма. Жизненно необходимое человеку железо одновременно опасно, поскольку при избыточном накоплении вызывает окислительный стресс с образованием высокоактивных кислородных радикалов и реактивных форм азота, способных разрушать клеточные мембраны, белки, нуклеиновые кислоты, снижать жизнеспособность клеток, что, по современным представлениям, может способствовать развитию многих болезней (кардиоваскулярных, ревматических, гастроинтестинальных, нейродегенеративных, онкологических, метаболических и др.), а также ускорять процесс старения.

В 1-й части обзора рассматриваются вопросы метаболизма железа у человека, включая его регуляцию на клеточном и системном уровнях, поступление, транспорт, использование, накопление и экспорт железа в клетках, роль лабильного пула железа в цитоплазме клеток и не связанного с трансферрином железа плазмы крови. Приводятся данные о причинах, частоте встречаемости и значении перегрузки организма железом в образовании свободных радикалов, развитии окислительного стресса. Во 2-й части обзора приводятся сведения о заболеваниях, связанных с перегрузкой железом, а также сведения о ферроптозе - новом типе железозависимой регулируемой клеточной гибели. Уделяется внимание работам отечественных авторов, где выявлено, что длительное употребление питьевой воды с повышенным содержанием железа неблагоприятно для населения и ведёт к увеличению общей заболеваемости, развитию болезней крови, кожи и подкожной клетчатки, костно-мышечной системы, органов пищеварения, мочеполовой системы, аллергических заболеваний. Цитируются отдельные публикации о возможности негативного действия железа при концентрациях в воде на уровне 0,3 мг/л и ниже. Материалы обзора подчёркивают профилактическое значение осторожного отношения к регламентированию железа в воде РФ, где 1/3 населения использует для питья воду, содержащую железо, и обосновывают целесообразность установления гигиенического норматива железа в воде не выше 0,3 мг/л.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.