medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-10-1100-1105medlit-1071Research ArticleМЕДИЦИНА ТРУДАOCCUPATIONAL HEALTHУсловия труда и состояние здоровья у педагогов. Пилотное исследованиеWorking conditions and health status in teachers. Рilot researchhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9072-2781КатамановаЕлена ВладимировнаKatamanovaElena V.

Доктор мед. наук, доцент, главный врач, невролог ФГБУН «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований», 665827, Ангарск.

e-mail: katamanova_e_v@mail.ru

MD, Ph.D., DSci.,neurologist, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation.

e-mail: katamanova_e_v@mail.ru

katamanova_e_v@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-2147ЕфимоваН. В.EfimovaNatalia V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8984-2452СливницынаН. В.SlivnitsynaNatalya V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9465-5459БеловаЛ. Ю.BelovaLyubov Yu.noemail@neicon.ruФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований»РоссияEast-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological ResearchRussian Federation202001122020991011001105Copyright © Катаманова Е.В., Ефимова Н.В., Сливницына Н.В., Белова Л.Ю., 20202020Катаманова Е.В., Ефимова Н.В., Сливницына Н.В., Белова Л.Ю.Katamanova E.V., Efimova N.V., Slivnitsyna N.V., Belova L.Y.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1071Введение

Введение. Развитию нарушений здоровья педагога способствуют множественные факторы, однако в современной литературе основное внимание уделено психологическим стрессорам.

Цель - дать оценку факторам школьной среды и выявить влияние стажа и уровня преподавательской нагрузки на состояние здоровья преподавателей общеобразовательных учреждений для прогнозирования риска потерь здоровья у педагогов и коррекции выявленных нарушений.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Дана гигиеническая оценка условий труда педагогов по данным санитарно-гигиенически характеристик и собственных исследований в 11 школах. Изучены условия школьной среды (микроклимат, освещённость) и результаты хронометража трудового процесса педагогов. Проведено клинико-психологическое обследование 53 педагогов женского пола, средний возраст 50 (44-59) лет, стаж - 27 (19-34) лет, нагрузка - 25 (21-32) ч в неделю. Использованы методики определения уровня эмоционального выгорания, стрессоустойчивости Холмса и Раге, для диагностики артериальной гипертензии - холтеровское мониторирование артериального давления, электрокардиография, консультация кардиолога.

Результаты

Результаты. По показателям вредности и опасности факторов производственной среды, тяжести и напряжённости трудового процесса класс условий труда только у 25% обследованных соответствовал допустимому. Педагоги со стажем более 20 лет чаще, чем в группе сравнения, жалуются на частые нервные «срывы», повышенную раздражительность (р ≤ 0,05), выявлены более высокий уровень частоты артериальной гипертензии (р = 0,000), эмоционального выгорания (р = 0,04) и снижение показателя стрессоустойчивости (р = 0,02).

Заключение

Заключение. В пилотном исследовании выявлено, что с увеличением педагогического стажа и нагрузки увеличивается вероятность развития синдрома эмоционального выгорания и снижение стрессоустойчивости, что приводит к формированию артериальной гипертензии. Необходимо провести целевые исследования для выявления влияния условий школьной среды, факторов учебного процесса на состояние здоровья педагогов.

Introduction

Introduction. Teacher’s health problems depend on many factors. However, research has focused on psychological stressors. The goal is to assess the factors of the school environment and determine the impact of seniority and the level of academic load on the health status of secondary school teachers.

Material and methods

Material and methods. Assessment of working conditions of teachers was studied on hygienic characteristics and their research in 11 schools. There were studied conditions of the school environment (microclimate, lighting) and the timing of the teachers’ labor process. A clinical and psychological examination of 53 women with an average age of 50.0 (44.0-59.0) years, work experience - 27.0 (19.0-34.0), load - 25.0 (21.0-32.0) hours per week. According to the indices of harmfulness and danger of factors of the working environment, the severity and intensity of the labor process, the class of working conditions in only 25% of the examined corresponded to the permissible class. The frequency of increased irritability, hypertension, emotional exhaustion, reduced stress resistance is higher in the group of teachers with experience of 20 years or more.

Discussion

Discussion. Teachers of secondary general education are exposed not only to occupational stress, but also to the effects of the negative conditions of the school environment and the labor process.

Conclusions

Conclusions. Targeted studies of the conditions of the school environment, factors of the educational process must be carried out to identify their impact on the health status of teachers.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.