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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-12-1353-1359</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-1132</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обоснование введения индикаторых показателей «Обобщённые колиформные бактерии» и «Escherichia coli» в систему санитарно-эпидемиологического контроля безопасности питьевой воды</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The rationale for introducing the indices «Generalized coliform bacteria» and «Escherichia coli» into the scheme of sanitary and microbiological control of water quality as indices of fecal contamination</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4772-9686</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Загайнова</surname><given-names>Анжелика Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zagainova</surname><given-names>Angelika V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, зав. лаб. микробиологии и паразитологии НИИ ЭЧ и ГОС им. А.Н. Сысина ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: AZagaynova@cspmz.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., Head of Microbiology and parasitology laboratory in the Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: mgoshin@cspmz.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">azagaynova@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9955-7447</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трухина</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trukhina</surname><given-names>Galina M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5845-588X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахманин</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhmanin</surname><given-names>Yury A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0986-250X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артемова</surname><given-names>Т. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemova</surname><given-names>Tamara Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4795-0751</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhina</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ экологии человека и гигиены окружающей среды им. А.Н. Сысина ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» ФМБА России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН Институт комплексных проблем гигиены «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene of the F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ экологии человека и гигиены окружающей среды им. А.Н. Сысина ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» ФМБА России; ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр колопроктологии им. А.Н. Рыжих» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency; A.N. Ryzhikh National Medical Research Center of Coloproctology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>99</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1353</fpage><lpage>1359</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Загайнова А.В., Трухина Г.М., Рахманин Ю.А., Артемова Т.З., Сухина М.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Загайнова А.В., Трухина Г.М., Рахманин Ю.А., Артемова Т.З., Сухина М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zagainova A.V., Trukhina G.M., Rakhmanin Y.A., Artemova T.Z., Sukhina M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1132">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1132</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Возрастающее бактериальное загрязнение водных объектов требует повышения надёжности контроля качества воды в целях обеспечения эпидемической безопасности в отношении инфекций, передающихся водным путём, поэтому исследователи как в России, так и в Европе пришли к мнению о необходимости поиска индикаторных микроорганизмов, которые могут более точно указывать на присутствие патогенных микроорганизмов в воде, чем традиционные индикаторы.</p><p>Целью исследования явилось обоснование введения индикаторных показателей фекального загрязнения «обобщённые колиформные бактерии» и Escherichia coli для оценки безопасности питьевой воды.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В статье приведён анализ отечественных и международных нормативных документов и литературных материалов, регламентирующих качество питьевой воды по санитарно-микробиологическим показателям и критериям оценки. Представлены результаты многолетних экспериментальных и натурных исследований, проведённых научно-исследовательскими организациями и практическими организациями Роспотребнадзора.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. На территории России безопасность питьевой воды определяется одним из индикаторных показателей общие колиформные бактерии, определяемые по ферментации лактозы, при этом в воде не учитываются патогенные бактерии (Salmonella, Shigella) и ряд лактозоотрицательных условно патогенных бактерий – возбудителей кишечных инфекций. Изучение микроорганизмов, выделенных из фекалий больных, подтверждает, что частота встречаемости лактозоотрицательных микроорганизмов составляет от 20 до 100% штаммов. При ежегодной тенденции снижения процента нестандартных проб питьевой воды по микробиологическим показателям возрастает число острых кишечных инфекций (ОКИ) неустановленной этиологии, то есть возрастает риск возникновения ОКИ. При несоответствии качества питьевой воды по термотолерантным колиформным бактериям в 95% проб обнаруживали E. coli. Поэтому определение E. coli более надёжно указывает на поступление свежего фекального загрязнения и обеспечивает оперативность в принятии мер по устранению неблагоприятной ситуации, чем термотолерантные колиформные бактерии (ТКБ).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Приведены основания для введения более надёжных микробиологических показателей контроля безопасности воды, таких как «обобщённые колиформные бактерии» (ОКБ), объединяющие как лактозоположительные, так и лактозоотрицательные бактерии, определяемые по признаку ферментации глюкозы, отрицательному оксидазному тесту и отрицательной окраске по Граму, и E. coli в качестве показателя недавнего поступления фекального загрязнения, что позволит проводить оценку качества воды по широкому спектру бактерий порядка Enterobacterialеs, соответствующих современной таксономии энтеробактерий NCBI, обеспечит гармонизацию с международными требованиями и безопасность питьевой воды для населения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The increasing bacterial contamination of water bodies requires an increase in water quality control’s reliability to ensure epidemic safety against waterborne infections. Therefore, researchers in both Russia and Europe came to the conclusion that it is necessary to search for indicator microorganisms that can more accurately suggest the presence of pathogens. microorganisms in water than traditional indicators.</p><p>The aim of the study was to justify the introduction of indicator indices of fecal contamination “generalized coliform bacteria” and Escherichia coli to assess the safety of drinking water</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The article provides an analysis of domestic and international regulatory documents and literary materials regulating the quality of drinking water in terms of sanitary and microbiological indicators and assessment criteria. The results of many years of experimental and field research carried out by research organizations and practical organizations of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare are presented.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. On the territory of Russia, “general coliform bacteria,” is one of the indicator indices chosen according to the fermentation of lactose, determine the safety of drinking water. The water does not take into account pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella, Shigella) and a number of lactose-negative opportunistic bacteria, causative agents of intestinal infections. The study of microorganisms isolated from the feces of patients confirms the frequency of occurrence of lactose-negative microorganisms to varying from 20 to 100% of strains. With an annual trend towards a decrease in the percentage of non-standard drinking water samples in terms of microbiological indices, general intestinal infections (GII) of unknown etiology increase, i.e. risk of GII. If the quality of drinking water does not correspond to thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TCB), 95% of samples contain E. coli. Therefore, the determination of E. coli more reliably indicates the intake of fresh fecal contamination and provides efficiency in taking measures to eliminate an unfavorable situation than TCB.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Reasons are given for the introduction of more reliable microbiological indicators of water safety control, such as - “generalized coliform bacteria” with the preservation of the abbreviation GCB, combining both lactose-positive and lactose-negative bacteria, determined by the sign of glucose fermentation, negative oxidase test and negative stain according to Gram and E. coli as an indicator of recent faecal contamination, which will allow the assessment of water quality for a wide range of bacteria of the order Enterobacterials, corresponding to the modern taxonomy of Enterobacteriaceae NCBI, will ensure harmonization with international requirements and the safety of drinking water for the population.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>питьевое водоснабжение</kwd><kwd>фекальное загрязнение</kwd><kwd>санитарно-бактериологические показатели</kwd><kwd>колиформные бактерии</kwd><kwd>обобщённые колиформные бактерии</kwd><kwd>термотолерантные колиформные бактерии</kwd><kwd>Escherichia coli</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>drinking water supply</kwd><kwd>fecal contamination</kwd><kwd>sanitary and bacteriological indicators</kwd><kwd>coliform bacteria</kwd><kwd>generalized coliform bacteria</kwd><kwd>thermotolerant coliform bacteria</kwd><kwd>Escherichia coli</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ashbolt N.J., Grabow W.O.K., Snozzi M. 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