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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-12-1376-1379</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-1136</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНА ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние слабофиброгенной пыли боксита на лёгкие у горнорабочих</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The impact of the weakly-fibrogenic bauxite dust on lungs in mine workers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8659-0678</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпова</surname><given-names>Елена Андреевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, зав. отделом по организации клинико-экспертной работы ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург.</p><p>e-mail: karpovaea@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., head of the department for organization of clinical and expert work at Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: karpovaea@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karpovaea@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-3726</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Газимова</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gazimova</surname><given-names>Venera G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6475-7753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурвич</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurvich</surname><given-names>Vladimir B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7913-5586</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Обухова</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Obukhova</surname><given-names>Tatyana Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6887-3738</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гоголева</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gogoleva</surname><given-names>Olga I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3031-2625</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плотко</surname><given-names>Э. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotko</surname><given-names>Eduard G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2039-8007</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Il´ina</surname><given-names>Marina I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8902-0416</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рузаков</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ruzakov</surname><given-names>Vadim O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский - научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья работников промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>99</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1376</fpage><lpage>1379</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карпова Е.А., Газимова В.Г., Гурвич В.Б., Обухова Т.Ю., Гоголева О.И., Плотко Э.Г., Ильина М.И., Рузаков В.О., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карпова Е.А., Газимова В.Г., Гурвич В.Б., Обухова Т.Ю., Гоголева О.И., Плотко Э.Г., Ильина М.И., Рузаков В.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karpova E.A., Gazimova V.G., Gurvich V.B., Obukhova T.Y., Gogoleva O.I., Plotko E.G., Il´ina M.I., Ruzakov V.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1136">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1136</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. На предприятиях Свердловской области по добыче бокситов ежегодно выявляются новые случаи пневмокониоза. Дифференциальная диагностика бокситового пневмокониоза с другими интерстициальными заболеваниями лёгких при использовании исключительно рентгенографии лёгких может вызывать затруднения.</p><p>Цель работы – уточнить характер изменений в лёгких у работников, подвергающихся воздействию слабофиброгенной пыли боксита, и связь изменений в лёгких с условиями труда в случаях затруднения постановки заключительного диагноза пневмокониоза.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Обследованы подземные горнорабочие очистного забоя и подземные проходчики со стажем работы не менее 10 лет в условиях воздействия пыли боксита. Всем пациентам проводили обзорную рентгенографию органов грудной клетки и компьютерную томографию высокого разрешения (КТВР), бодиплетизмографию, бронхоскопическое исследование с транс-бронхиальной биопсией и последующим гистологическим исследованием биоптата. Для определения элементного состава микро- и наночастиц в образцах биологических тканей применяли сканирующую электронную микроскопию с рентгеноспектральным микроанализом.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При гистологическом исследовании биоптатов ткани лёгкого в режиме светлого поля и с использованием поляризационного фильтра и при электронной микроскопии состав пыли в ткани лёгкого соответствовал составу промышленного аэрозоля, образующегося при добыче бокситов (соединения алюминия, железа, кварца). У лиц из группы риска развития профессиональных заболеваний органов дыхания без рентгенологических признаков, характерных для пневмокониозов, КТВР и бронхоскопия позволяют выявить признаки воздействия промышленного аэрозоля сложного состава в виде начального интерстициального фиброза паренхимы, изменений слизистой бронхов. У работников, контактирующих со слабофиброгенной пылью сложного состава, образующейся при добыче бокситов, до формирования рентгенологической картины, характерной для пневмокониоза, формируется бронхитический синдром, атрофические изменения слизистой бронхов. Изменения носят стойкий характер и прослеживаются спустя продолжительное время после прекращения контакта с пылевым фактором.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. New cases of pneumoconiosis are detected annually at the bauxite mining enterprises of the Sverdlovsk Region. Differential diagnosis of bauxite pneumoconiosis with other interstitial lung diseases using only lung radiography can be difficult.</p><p>The aim of the work was to clarify the nature of changes in the lungs of workers exposed to weakly fibrogenic dust of bauxite, and the relationship of changes in the lungs with working conditions in cases of difficulty in making the final diagnosis of pneumoconiosis. </p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Underground miners of a working face and underground drifters with a work experience of at least ten years in conditions of exposure to bauxite dust were examined. All patients underwent a plain chest x-ray and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), bodyplethysmography, bronchoscopic examination with trans-bronchial biopsy, and subsequent histological examination of the biopsy. To determine the elemental composition of micro- and nanoparticles in biological tissue samples, scanning electron microscopy with X-ray spectral microanalysis was used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. During the histopathological examination of lung tissue biopsy materials by a bright-field method and polarized filter and using electron microscopy, the composition of dust in the lung tissue complied with the composition of industrial aerosol. It is formed during bauxite mining (aluminum, iron, and quartz compounds). High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and bronchoscopy can detect signs of exposure to industrial aerosol of complex composition represented by early interstitial parenchymal fibrosis and changes in bronchial mucosa. This is typical for individuals at risk of occupational respiratory diseases development without radiological features specific to pneumoconiosis. Before X-ray pattern formation, typical for pneumoconiosis, bronchitis syndrome and atrophic changes in the bronchial mucosa are developed. This happens in workers exposed to weakly-fibrogenic dust of a complex composition formed during the mining of bauxite. </p><p>The changes are permanently observed long after the exposure to the dust factor has ceased.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пыль боксита</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томография высокого разрешения</kwd><kwd>электронная микроскопия</kwd><kwd>рентгеноспектральный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bauxite dust</kwd><kwd>high resolution computed tomography</kwd><kwd>electron microscopy</kwd><kwd>X-ray spectrum analysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Измеров Н.Ф. Профессиональные заболевания органов дыхания: Национальное руководство. 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