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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-12-1454-1459</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-1148</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОЦЕНКА РИСКОВ ДЛЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка риска для работающих при разных технологиях применения пестицидов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The risk assessment for employees working under different technologies of application of pesticides</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-6507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ракитский</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakitskii</surname><given-names>Valery N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1631-8008</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасова</surname><given-names>Лилия Станиславовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasova</surname><given-names>Liliya S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. отдела гигиены труда ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Московская область.</p><p>e-mail: tarasovals@fferisman.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, researcher of the Department of occupational health of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: tarasovals@fferisman.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tarasovals@fferisman.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6686-2450</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артемова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1540-9189</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильницкая</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilnitskaya</surname><given-names>Aleksandra V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8860-5298</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>Svetlana G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>99</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1454</fpage><lpage>1459</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ракитский В.Н., Тарасова Л.С., Артемова О.В., Ильницкая А.В., Федорова С.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ракитский В.Н., Тарасова Л.С., Артемова О.В., Ильницкая А.В., Федорова С.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rakitskii V.N., Tarasova L.S., Artemova O.V., Ilnitskaya A.V., Fedorova S.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1148">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1148</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Фермеры и пользователи личного подсобного хозяйства (ЛПХ) считаются основной группой риска, которая в наибольшей степени подвергается воздействию пестицидов при их применении, транспортировке, погрузке. При этом у фермеров и пользователей отсутствует специальное обучение по безопасному обращению с пестицидами, они не проходят периодические медосмотры, и это увеличивает риск воздействия пестицидов на их здоровье.</p><p>Цель работы – изучение экспозиций пестицидов в воздухе рабочей зоны и на кожных покровах пользователей при их применении в ЛПХ и фермерских хозяйствах на полевых и высоких садовых культурах; обоснование требований безопасного применения пестицидов в ЛПХ и фермерских хозяйствах.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Установленные экспозиционные уровни пестицидов в воздухе и на коже сравнивали с гигиеническими нормативами, рассчитанными или экспериментально установленными: ПДК/ОБУВ (мг/м3) в воздухе рабочей зоны и ПДУ/ОДУ (мг/см2) загрязнения кожных покровов. Риск по экспозиционным уровням определялся величиной КБсумм. Риск воздействия пестицидов для оператора/фермера/пользователя по поглощённой дозе, определяемый величиной коэффициента безопасности – КБп, так же как и по экспозиции – КБсумм, считается допустимым при величине КБсумм и КБп ≤ 1.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Представлены обобщённые результаты анализа риска воздействия пестицидов по экспозиции (КБсумм) и по поглощённой дозе (КБп) в натурных условиях при применении 20 препаратов на полевых и садовых культурах в ЛПХ и фермерских хозяйствах. Поглощённая доза для фермеров, рассчитанная с учётом работы в течение 6 ч, при сравнении с ДСД в некоторых случаях превышала допустимые величины. Риск применения при ранцевом опрыскивании полевых культур в фермерских хозяйствах двух препаратов в форме концентратов суспензии и одного препарата в форме концентрата наноэмульсии по поглощённой дозе был выше допустимого.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Гигиеническая оценка риска применения пестицидов разных классов опасности при всех способах наземного внесения их в окружающую среду убеждает, что реальная гигиеническая ситуация в значительной мере определяется состоянием используемой техники, соблюдением гигиенических регламентов и, что особенно важно, степенью профессиональных навыков операторов, а также культурой применения пестицидов. В дальнейшем риск, особенно по поглощённой дозе, необходимо рассчитывать для пользователей ЛПХ и работников фермерских хозяйств с учётом различий в объёмах обрабатываемых площадей.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. In recent years, agricultural production in Russia has increased at the expense of farms and personal subsidiary plots; farmers use chemical protection means - pesticides to protect crops. Farmers and users of private household plots are considered the leading risk group most exposed to pesticides during their application, transportation, and loading. At the same time, farmers and users do not have special training in the safe handling of pesticides. They do not undergo periodic medical examinations, which increases the risk of exposure to pesticides on their health.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose of work</title><p>Purpose of work. Study of exposures of pesticides in the air of the working area and on the skin of workers when they use pesticides in private farms, farms on-field, and high garden crops; justification of the requirements for the safe use of pesticides in private farms and farms.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The established exposure levels of pesticides in the air and on the skin were compared with hygiene standards calculated or experimentally set: MPC / OBUV (mg/m3) in the atmosphere of the working area and MPC/ODU (mg/cm2) of skin contamination. The exposure level risk was determined by the KBsumm. The risk of exposure to pesticides for the operator/farmer/user based on the absorbed dose, determined by the value of the safety factor – KBp, and exposure – Kbsumm, is considered acceptable when the value of KBsumm and KBp &lt; 1.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The authors presented generalized results of the analysis of the risk of exposure to pesticides in terms of both exposure (KBsumm) and absorbed dose (KBp) in natural conditions when using 20 drugs on field and garden crops in private household plots and farms. The absorbed dose for farmers, calculated taking into account the work for 6 hours, when compared with ADI, in some cases, exceeded the permissible values. The risk of using two preparations in suspension concentrates and one preparation in the form of a nanoemulsion concentrate in terms of the absorbed dose during knapsack spraying of field crops in farms was higher than the acceptable one.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The hygienic assessment of the risk of using pesticides of different hazard classes for all land application methods into the environment convinces us the actual hygienic situation to be determined mainly by the state of the equipment used, compliance with hygiene regulations. The degree of professional skills of operators, as well as the culture of pesticide use, are significant. In the future, the risk, especially in terms of the absorbed dose, must be calculated for users of private household plots and farmworkers, taking into account the differences in cultivated areas’ volumes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пестициды</kwd><kwd>фермерское хозяйство</kwd><kwd>личное подсобное хозяйство</kwd><kwd>пользователь</kwd><kwd>сельское хозяйство</kwd><kwd>риск</kwd><kwd>экспозиция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pesticides</kwd><kwd>farm</kwd><kwd>personal subsidiary farm</kwd><kwd>user</kwd><kwd>agricultural industry</kwd><kwd>risk</kwd><kwd>exposition</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Патрушев Д.Н. Газета профессионального растениевода. Аргумент защиты. 2019; (3): 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patrushev D.N. The newspaper of the professional plant breeder. 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