<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-1-60-65</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-1183</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОЦЕНКА РИСКОВ ДЛЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка распространённости факторов риска хронических неинфекционных заболеваний среди сотрудников Северо-Восточного федерального университета</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the prevalence of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases among employees of the North-Eastern Federal University</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9338-1644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Елена Капитоновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>Elena K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры Общественного здоровья и здравоохранения, общей гигиены и биоэтики ФГАОУ ВО «Медицинский институт СВФУ им. М.К. Аммосова» Минобрнауки России, 677027, Якутск.</p><p>e-mail: ecapopova@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., assistant professor of the Department of Public Health and Health Care, General Hygiene and Bioethics, Institute of Medicine, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: ecapopova@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ecapopova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3250-1657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>Sargylana M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2441-6193</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саввина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savvina</surname><given-names>Nadezhda V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6433-3424</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Архипова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arkhipova</surname><given-names>Natalya S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0876-561X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>Ivan O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8124-5346</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аскарова</surname><given-names>Ж. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ascarova</surname><given-names>Zhanna V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1823-2411</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синамбела</surname><given-names>В. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinambel</surname><given-names>Yani W.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3592-7749</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аввакумова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avvakumova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8506-5820</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чибыева</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chibyeva</surname><given-names>Lyudmila G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Медицинский институт Северо-Восточного федерального университета имени М.К. Аммосова» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.K. Ammosov Medical Institute of North-Eastern Federal University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУ Республики Саха (Якутия) «Республиканская больница № 1 - Национальный центр медицины»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Hospital № 1 - National Center of Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Попова Е.К., Иванова С.М., Саввина Н.В., Архипова Н.С., Попов И.О., Аскарова Ж.В., Синамбела В.Я., Аввакумова Н.В., Чибыева Л.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попова Е.К., Иванова С.М., Саввина Н.В., Архипова Н.С., Попов И.О., Аскарова Ж.В., Синамбела В.Я., Аввакумова Н.В., Чибыева Л.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popova E.K., Ivanova S.M., Savvina N.V., Arkhipova N.S., Popov I.O., Ascarova Z.V., Sinambel Y.W., Avvakumova N.V., Chibyeva L.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1183">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1183</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Согласно мнению экспертов ВОЗ, хронические неинфекционные заболевания (ХНИЗ) являются ведущей медико-социальной проблемой во всём мире. В последние десятилетия среди населения в Республике Саха (Якутия) отмечается изменение характера питания, уменьшение двигательной активности, что увеличивает распространённость модифицированных факторов риска ХНИЗ.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведено одномоментное исследование по анализу частоты модифицированных факторов риска ХНИЗ среди сотрудников Северо-Восточного федерального университета (СВФУ), прошедших диспансеризацию в 2017 г. (n = 800): мужчин 260, женщин – 540. Возраст обследуемых варьировался от 30 до 54 лет. Абдоминальное ожирение (АО) диагностировали по двум критериям: для представителей азиатской расы – окружность талии мужчин (ОТ) ≥ 90 см и женщин (ОТ) ≥ 80 см (IDF1); европеоидной расы ≥ 94 см и женщин (ОТ) ≥ 80 см (IDF2) (IDF, 2006).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Проведённый анализ в исследуемой группе сотрудников СВФУ выявил, что медиана уровней САД и ДАД, глюкозы сыворотки крови, а также показатель окружности талии в обеих группах, независимо от половой принадлежности, находились в пределах референсных значений. </p><p>Наиболее часто встречаемыми факторами риска ХНИЗ установлены гиперхолестеринемия и абдоминальное ожирение (р = 0,000). Распространённость гиперхолестеринемии составила 16,8%, с большей частотой наблюдалась у мужчин (23,5%) в сравнении с женщинами (13,5%). Сравнительный анализ обследованной группы по наличию или отсутствию у респондентов группы показателей абдоминального ожирения при использовании критерия IDF для европеоидных и азиатских популяций выявил достоверное различие только при использовании критерия IDF для европеоидных популяций. Каждая четвёртая женщина и каждый третий мужчина имели абдоминальное ожирение по данному критерию IDF при сравнении с респондентами, не имеющими показателей абдоминального ожирения (p = 0,000).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Установлено, что средние показатели САД, ДАД, общего холестерина, глюкозы крови и возраст имели статистически достоверную положительную корреляцию с наличием абдоминального ожирения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. According to WHO experts, chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) is the leading worldwide medical and social problem. In recent decades, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) population showed changes in nutrition habits, physical activity reduction. It increased the spread of modified chronic NCD’s risk factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The authors performed a one-stage study of modified risk factors and frequency analysis of chronic NCD in the North-Eastern Federal University (NEFU) employees who had medical check-ups in 2017 (n = 800): men (n = 260), women (n = 540). The attendees’ age varied from 30 to 54 years. Abdominal obesity (AO) was diagnosed by two criteria: men’s waist ≥ 90 cm and women’s waist ≥ 80 for Asia residents (IDF1); men’s waist ≥ 94 cm and women’s waist ≥ 80 for European residents (IDF2) (IDF, 2006).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. This analysis of the study group of NEFU employees showed the median level of SYS and DYS, glucose in serum, and the waist index in both groups, regardless of gender, to be within reference values. The most frequent risk factors of chronic NCD were hypercholesterolemia and abdominal obesity (p = 0.000). A spread of hypercholesterolemia was 16.8%, in men (23.5%) more frequently than in women (13. Every fourth woman and every third man had AO according to IDF criteria compared to attendees without AO (p = 0.000). </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A significant positive correlation between AO and age, SYS, DYS, cholesterol and glucose in serum was identified.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронические неинфекционные заболевания</kwd><kwd>распространённость</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>абдоминальное ожирение</kwd><kwd>Республика Саха (Якутия)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic non-communicable disease</kwd><kwd>spread</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>abdominal obesity</kwd><kwd>Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бессесен Д.Г., Кушнер Р. Избыточный вес и ожирение. Профилактика диагностика и лечение. Пер. с англ. М.: Бином; 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bessesen D.H., Kusner R. Evaluation &amp; Management of Obesity. Philadelphia: Hanley &amp; Belfus; 2002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ВОЗ. Глобальный план действий по профилактике неинфекционных заболеваний и борьбе с ними на 2013-2020 гг.; 2014. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/94384/9789244506233_rus.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO. Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013–2020; 2014. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/94384/9789241506236_eng.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Российский статистический ежегодник - 2018. М.: Росстат; 2018. Available at: https://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2018/year/year18.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Russian statistical yearbook – 2018. Moscow: Rosstat; 2018. Available at: https://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2018/year/year18.pdf (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Статистический ежегодник Республики Саха (Якутия). Якутск; 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Yakutsk; 2018. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahbuba S., Mohsin F., Rahat F., Nahar J., Begum T., Nahar N. Descriptive epidemiology of metabolic syndrome among obese adolescent population. Diabetes Metab. Syndr. 2018; 12(3): 369-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2017.12.026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahbuba S., Mohsin F., Rahat F., Nahar J., Begum T., Nahar N. Descriptive epidemiology of metabolic syndrome among obese adolescent population. Diabetes Metab. Syndr. 2018; 12(3): 369–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2017.12.026</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matsuzawa Y., Funahashi T., Nakamura T. The concept of metabolic syndrome: contribution of visceral fat accumulation and its molecular mechanism. J. Atheroscler. Thromb. 2011; 18(8): 629-39. https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.7922</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matsuzawa Y., Funahashi T., Nakamura T. The concept of metabolic syndrome: contribution of visceral fat accumulation and its molecular mechanism. J. Atheroscler. Thromb. 2011; 18(8): 629–39. https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.7922</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kishida K., Funahashi T., Matsuzawa Y., Shimomura I. Visceral adiposity as a target for the management of the metabolic syndrome. Ann. Med. 2012; 44(3): 233-41. https://doi.org/10.3109/07853890.2011.564202</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kishida K., Funahashi T., Matsuzawa Y., Shimomura I. Visceral adiposity as a target for the management of the metabolic syndrome. Ann. Med. 2012; 44(3): 233–41. https://doi.org/10.3109/07853890.2011.564202</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laaka H.M., Laaksonen D.E., Lakka T.A. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. JAMA. 2002; 288(21): 2709-16. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.21.2709</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laaka H.M., Laaksonen D.E., Lakka T.A. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. JAMA. 2002; 288(21): 2709–16. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.21.2709</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Орлова Г.М., Небесных А.Л. Метаболический синдром в Прибайкалье: этнические особенности дислипидемии. Атеросклероз и дислипидемии. 2015; (2): 30-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orlova G.M., Nebesnykh A.L. Metabolic syndrome in the Baikal region: ethnic peculiarities of dyslipidemia. Ateroskleroz i dislipidemii. 2015; (2): 30–4. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мулерова Т.А., Филимонов С.Н., Онищенко Е.Г., Колбаско А.В. Клиническое значение индекса массы тела, окружности талии и индекса талия/бедро у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией в Республике Алтай. Фундаментальные исследования. 2012; (4-2): 335-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mulerova T.A., Filimonov S.N., Onishchenko E.G., Kolbasko A.V. Clinical relevance of body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio by patients with arterial hypertension in Republic of Altai. Fundamental’nye issledovaniya. 2012; (4–2): 335–9. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Невзорова В.А., Абрамова Е.Л. Особенности проявления метаболического синдрома у женщин различной этнической принадлежности. Проблемы женского здоровья. 2007; 2(1): 20-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nevzorova V.A., Abramova E.L. Features manifestations of metabolic syndrome in women with different ethnicity. Problemy zhenskogo zdorov’ya. 2007; 2(1): 20–9. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Панин Л.Е. Гомеостаз и проблемы приполярной медицины (методологические аспекты адаптации). Бюллетень Сибирского отделения Российской академии медицинских наук. 2010; 30(3): 6-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panin L.E. Homeostasis and problems of circumpolar health (methodological aspects of adaptation). Byulleten’ Sibirskogo otdeleniya Rossiyskoy akademii meditsinskikh nauk. 2010; 30(3): 6–11. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поликарпов Л.С., Хамнагадаев И.И., Яскевич Р.А., Деревянных Е.В. Артериальная гипертония (распространенность, профилактика, адаптация и реадаптация к различным экологическим условиям. Красноярск; 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polikarpov L.S., Khamnagadaev I.I., Yaskevich R.A., Derevyannykh E.V. Arterial Hypertension (Prevalence, Prevention, Adaptation and Readaptation to Different Ecological Conditions [Arterial’naya gipertoniya (rasprostranennost’, profilaktika, adaptatsiya i readaptatsiya k razlichnym ekologicheskim usloviyam]. Krasnoyarsk; 2010. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение в Республике Саха (Якутия) за 2005-2015 гг. Якутск; 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Health care in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for 2005–2015. Yakutsk; 2015. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванова С.М. Изучение состояния здоровья и распространенности факторов риска хронических неинфекционных заболеваний среди работников СВФУ: Автореферат магистерской диссертации. Якутск; 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanova S.M. A study of the health status and prevalence of risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases among NEFU employees: Diss. Yakutsk; 2019. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001; 285(19): 2486-97. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.19.2486</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001; 285(19): 2486–97. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.19.2486</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alberti K.G., Zimmet P., Shaw J. International Diabetes Federation: a consensus on type 2 diabetes prevention. Diabet. Med. 2007; 24(5): 451-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02157.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alberti K.G., Zimmet P., Shaw J. International Diabetes Federation: a consensus on type 2 diabetes prevention. Diabet. Med. 2007; 24(5): 451–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02157.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
