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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-3-240-245</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-1328</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНА ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Индивидуальная защита органов дыхания медицинских работников от биоаэрозолей (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Respiratory protective devices for the healthcare workers (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3130-2592</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капцов</surname><given-names>Валерий Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaptsov</surname><given-names>Valery A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, руководитель отдела гигиены труда ФГУП «Всероссийский НИИ гигиены транспорта» Роспотребнадзора, 125438, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: kapcovva39@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSci., Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS, Head of the Department of Occupational Health of the All-Russian Research Institute of Transport Hygiene” of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Moscow, 125438, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: kapcovva39@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kapcovva39@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3661-8323</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чиркин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chirkin</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГУП «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт гигиены транспорта» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Research Institute of Transport Hygiene of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Бета ПРО»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LTD «Beta Pro»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>240</fpage><lpage>245</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Капцов В.А., Чиркин А.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Капцов В.А., Чиркин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kaptsov V.A., Chirkin A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1328">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1328</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Медицинские работники подвергаются повышенной опасности заражения инфекционными заболеваниями, в том числе при ингаляционном поступлении биоаэрозоля. Для их защиты используют респираторы разной конструкции, обеспечивающие разную эффективность. Но их выбор и применение в РФ длительное время происходили в специфичных условиях, что привело к появлению значительных отличий от лучших западных подходов. Учёт отличий позволит снизить риск заражения медработников при профессиональной деятельности. </p><p>Проанализированы доступные публикации NIOSH (Национальный институт охраны труда, США), в журналах издательств Taylor &amp; Francis, Oxford University Press, учебные пособия западных авторов, опубликованные материалы Роспотребнадзора. Выявлены отличия в требованиях законодательства, повышающие риск заражения медработников в РФ. Нет чёткого метода оценки уровня риска и конкретных требований к выбору типа респиратора, соответствующего уровню риска по защитным свойствам. При использовании фильтрующих полумасок не проводится индивидуальный подбор и проверка соответствия маски лицу. Для обеспечения своевременного применения респиратора он не должен оказывать на работника чрезмерное вредное воздействие, но средняя концентрация углекислого газа во вдыхаемом воздухе может более чем в 2 раза превышать максимально разовую предельно допустимую. Требования к противоаэрозольным респираторам не соответствуют условиям их использования в медучреждениях, и используемые медиками респираторы не сертифицированы как средства защиты от биоаэрозолей.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Недостатки в части индивидуальной защиты органов дыхания медработников показывают возможные пути улучшения их защиты путём гармонизации национального законодательства с лучшими из существующих западных требований.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Healthcare practitioners are at increased risk of infection with infectious diseases, including the inhalation route. Healthcare practitioners use respirators of various designs providing different efficiency of protection.</p><p>The purpose of the study was to improve efficiency of the respiratory protection of the healthcare practitioners in Russian Federation.</p><p>There were analyzed аvailable NIOSH publications, articles in journals Taylor &amp; Francis, Oxford University Press, published materials of Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor), and western training manuals. Differences in the requirements of the legislation were identified that increase the risk of infection in healthcare practitioners. There are no methods for assessing the risk level, and there are no specific requirements for selecting the respirator’s type that corresponds to the risk level. The employer is not obliged to provide the fit test for all employees. The respirator must be used timely, so it should not negatively affect the worker. But the average carbon dioxide concentration can exceed the STEL by more than two times. The certification requirements for respirators do not correspond to the conditions of their use in the hospitals. Respirators were not certified as means of protection against bioaerosols.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Identified shortcomings in the respiratory safety of health care workers show possible ways to improve their protection by harmonizing national legislation with the best of existing Western requirements.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биоаэрозоль</kwd><kwd>средства индивидуальной защиты органов дыхания</kwd><kwd>СИЗОД</kwd><kwd>респиратор</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>требования законодательства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bioaerosol</kwd><kwd>RPD</kwd><kwd>respirator</kwd><kwd>efficiency</kwd><kwd>legal requirements</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Измеров Н.Ф., Кириллов В.Ф., ред. Гигиена труда. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Izmerov N.F., Kirillov V.F., eds. Occupational Hygiene [Gigiena truda]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2010. 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