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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-3-268-273</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-1332</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Функциональное состояние организма юных спортсменов в процессе занятий спортивными играми</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dynamics of the functional state of the body of young athletes practicing sports games</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2493-4882</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чебану</surname><given-names>Сергей Иванович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cebanu</surname><given-names>Serghei I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, доцент, кафедра гигиены, Государственный университет медицины и фармации им. Николая Тестемицану, MD-2004, Кишинэу, Республика Молдова.</p><p>e-mail: serghei.cebanu@usmf.md</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., associate professor, Department of Hygiene, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, MD 2004, Republic of Moldova.</p><p>e-mail: serghei.cebanu@usmf.md</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serghei.cebanu@usmf.md</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8922-2491</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Делеу</surname><given-names>Р. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Deleu</surname><given-names>Raisa D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-2271</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тэбырцэ</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tabîrța</surname><given-names>Alisa V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9768-5098</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тафуни</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tafuni</surname><given-names>Ovidiu I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4426-1192</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фриптуляк</surname><given-names>Г. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Friptuleac</surname><given-names>Grigore E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный университет медицины и фармации имени Николая Тестемицану</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>268</fpage><lpage>273</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чебану С.И., Делеу Р.Д., Тэбырцэ А.В., Тафуни О.И., Фриптуляк Г.Е., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чебану С.И., Делеу Р.Д., Тэбырцэ А.В., Тафуни О.И., Фриптуляк Г.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Cebanu S.I., Deleu R.D., Tabîrța A.V., Tafuni O.I., Friptuleac G.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1332">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1332</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Целью данного исследования была оценка функциональных изменений организма юных спортсменов, практикующих спортивные игры, в процессе тренировки.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Функциональное состояние организма юных спортсменов, практикующих пять видов спортивных игр (волейбол, баскетбол, футбол, теннис и гандбол), было изучено на репрезентативной группе из 94 человек, из которых 50 (53,2%) юноши и 44 (46,8%) девушки, со средним возрастом 17,7 ± 0,19 года. Были исследованы состояние сердечно-сосудистой, центральной нервной, дыхательной систем и опорно-двигательного аппарата. Оценку функционального состояния проводили с учётом степени и направления изменений в динамике тренировок отдельных показателей, а также по интегральным показателям. Определены степень риска развития неблагоприятных функциональных изменений и тип саморегуляции кровообращения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Степень выраженности показателей функционального состояния организма юных спортсменов в конце тренировок колеблется в пределах от мало до чётко выраженных значений. Со стороны ССС системы отмечено ускорение ЧСС с 60,1 ± 0,93 до 123,1 ± 0,93 уд./мин (р &lt; 0,001), увеличение САД с 101,1 ± 2,84 до 129,2 ± 1,4 мм рт. ст. (р &lt; 0,001), ДАД от 65,8 ± 1,6 до 76,3 ± 1,2 мм рт. ст. (р &lt; 0,001), ПАД от 33,5 ± 2,35 до 71,5 ± 0,85 мм рт. ст. (р &lt; 0,001), СО от 78,3 ± 1,75 до 84,2 ± 1,06 мл (р &lt; 0,001), МО от 4,3 ± 0,22 до 10,3 ± 0,11 л (р &lt; 0,001), ПСС с 934,2 ± 42,11 до 1646,4 ± 37,61 дин • см–5 • с (р &lt; 0,001). Со стороны центральной нервной системы наблюдалось увеличение ЛПЗМР от 236 ± 20 до 389 ± 5,3 мс (р &lt; 0,001) и ЛПСМР с 160 ± 3,8 до 256 ± 7,7 мс (р &lt; 0,001). У юных спортсменов, которые занимаются волейболом, отмечается более высокая нагрузка на сердечно-сосудистую систему. Функциональные изменения более выражены у девушек-спортсменок. Риск развития неблагоприятных функциональных изменений отмечен для 15 физиологических показателей, коэффициент относительного риска варьирует в пределах 1,03–2,45 у юношей и 1,04–2,9 у девушек. Наиболее выраженный риск характерен для ПСС (ОР = 1,60), МО (ОР = 1,58), СО (ОР = 1,55) у юношей и СО (ОР = 2,35), MО (ОР = 2,21), САД (ОР = 1,75), ДАД (ОР = 1,73) и ПАД (ОР = 1,52) у девушек.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Показатели функционального состояния юных спортсменов в процессе тренировки изменяются в соответствии с основными физиологическими закономерностям. Средние величины показателей функционального состояния системы кровообращения организма юных спортсменов начинают выходить за пределы физиологических норм в группе лиц, занимающихся спортом более 7 лет. По степени относительного риска развития неблагоприятных функциональных изменений в процессе тренировок лидируют баскетбол, футбол и гандбол.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Maintaining and strengthening young athletes’ health is very important since a growing body is more sensitive than an adult one. The overload on young athletes’ bodies’ functional systems is much higher compared to their peers who do not engage in intense physical activities and sports. </p><p>This study aimed to assess the functional changes in the body of young athletes practicing sports games in the training process.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The functional state of the body of young athletes practicing five types of sports (volleyball, basketball, football, tennis, and handball) was studied on a representative group of 94 people, of which 50 (53.2%) males and 44 (46.8%) females with an average age of 17.7 ± 0.19 years. The cardiovascular system, central nervous system, respiratory system, and musculoskeletal system were investigated. The functional state assessment was carried out, taking into account the degree and direction of changes in the dynamics of training of individual indicators and integral indicators. It was determined the degree of risk of developing adverse functional changes. To identify premorbid states, we establish the type of self-regulation of blood circulation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The obtained results in this study indicate that significant changes express the biological significance of the response of athletes to the conditions of training in the indices of the functions of the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and the musculoskeletal system. The indices of the functional state of the young athletes’ body at the end of the training changed in both directions. The degree of their severity fluctuated within limits from little too clearly expressed values. On the part of the cardiovascular system, an acceleration of heart rate from 60.1 ± 0.93 to 123.1 ± 0.93 beats/min (p &lt; 0.001) was noted, an increase of systolic blood pressure from 101.1 ± 2.84 to 129.2 ± 1.40 mm Hg. (p &lt;0.001), diastolic arterial pressure from 65.8 ± 1.60 to 76.3 ± 1.20 mm Hg. (p &lt; 0.001), pulse pressure from 33.5 ± 2.35 to 71.5 ± 0.85 mm Hg. (p &lt; 0.001), systolic pressure from 78.3 ± 1.75 to 84.2 ± 1.06 ml (p &lt; 0.001), minutes volume from 4.3 ± 0.22 to 10.3 ± 0.11 l (p &lt; 0.001), total peripheral resistance from 934.2 ± 42.11 to 1646.4 ± 37.61 dyn•s/cm–5 (p &lt; 0.001). On the part of the central nervous system, there was an increase in visual motor reaction from 236 ± 20.0 to 389 ± 5.3 ms (p &lt; 0.001) and the auditory-motor reaction from 160 ± 3.8 to 256 ± 7.7 ms (p &lt;  0.001). Young athletes who play volleyball have a higher load on the cardiovascular system. Functional changes are more pronounced in female athletes. The risk of developing unfavorable functional changes was noted for 15 physiological indices. The relative risk varied within 1.03-2.45 for boys and 1.04-2.90 for girls. The most pronounced risk is characteristic for total peripheral resistance (RR = 1.60), minutes volume (RR = 1.58), systolic pressure (RR = 1.55) in boys and systolic pressure (RR = 2.35), minutes volume (RR = 2.21), systolic arterial pressure (RR = 1.75), diastolic arterial pressure (RR = 1.73) and peripheral blood pressure (RR = 1.52) in girls.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. When playing sports games, a specific professional environment for different types of sports games is formed, this harming the functional state, performance, and health of young athletes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спортивные игры</kwd><kwd>юные спортсмены</kwd><kwd>функциональное состояние</kwd><kwd>адаптация</kwd><kwd>риски</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sports games</kwd><kwd>young athletes</kwd><kwd>functional indices</kwd><kwd>overload</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dragan I. Sports Medicine. Bucharest: Medical Publishing House; 2002. (in Romanian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dragan I. Sports Medicine. Bucharest: Medical Publishing House; 2002. 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