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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-3-274-278</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-1333</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика морфофункциональных характеристик юношей-якутов за 20 лет</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dynamics of morphological and functional characteristics in Yakut youths over 20 years</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9761-1064</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Устинова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ustinova</surname><given-names>Mariya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5775-6528</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>Галина Касьяновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>Galina K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор кафедры нормальной и патологической физиологии Медицинского института ФГАОУ ВО «Северо-Восточного федерального университета имени М.К. Аммосова», 667000, Якутск.</p><p>e-mail: g_k_step@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSci., Professor, Department of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Medical Institute of the M.K. Ammosov NorthEastern Federal University.</p><p>e-mail: g_k_step@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">g_k_step@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2478-691X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaeva</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2395-1103</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малышева</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malysheva</surname><given-names>Larisa A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К. Аммосова»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>274</fpage><lpage>278</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Устинова М.В., Степанова Г.К., Николаева И.В., Малышева Л.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Устинова М.В., Степанова Г.К., Николаева И.В., Малышева Л.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ustinova M.V., Stepanova G.K., Nikolaeva I.V., Malysheva L.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1333">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1333</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Перемены, происходящие в обществе с конца прошлого века, отчётливо отразились на морфофизиологическом статусе аборигенного населения Якутии. В работе исследовали динамику физической конституции и функциональных показателей системы кровообращения у юношей-якутов, студентов СВФУ, за два последних десятилетия.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие юноши в возрасте от 18 лет до 21 года: 54 – в 1998–1999 гг. и 63 – в 2019 г. Проводили антропометрические исследования, оценку физического развития и типа телосложения. Определяли гемодинамические показатели: частоту сердечных сокращений и артериальное давление.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Определение индекса массы тела (ИМТ) выявило высокую степень несоответствия МТ и роста у студентов нынешнего века. В 1998–1999 гг. нормальное значение ИМТ установлено у 85,2%, выше нормы – у 7,4% обследованных. В то время как в 2019 г. нормальные значения ИМТ наблюдаются у 58,7%, у 36,5% – выше нормы, в том числе у 9,5% – ожирение 1–2-й степени. За 20 лет изменилось распределение студентов по соматотипу: наряду с уменьшением числа нормостеников на 14,5% и астеников на 13,2% увеличилось на 36,5% число гиперстеников. Анализ показателей гемодинамики в зависимости от типа конституции выявил значимо более высокие величины артериального давления (АД) у гиперстеников относительно нормостеников и астеников. За 20-летний период наблюдений у студентов произошло значимое повышение величин АДс, АДп, причём наибольший прирост отмечен у студентов с гиперстенической конституцией.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Изменения антропометрических показателей у современных студентов-якутов по сравнению с юношами 1998–1999 гг. свидетельствуют об увеличении распространённости избыточной массы тела и развитии конституции по гиперстеническому типу. На фоне гиперстенизации телосложения снижаются адаптивные возможности системы кровообращения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Since the end of the last century, changes in society have reflected on the morphophysiological status of the indigenous population of Yakutia. The work investigated the dynamics of the physical constitution and functional indicators of the circulatory system in young Yakuts, students of the North-Eastern Federal University, over the past two decades.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study involved young men 18-21 years old: 54 born - in 1998-99 and 63 in 2019, anthropometric studies were conducted, and physical development and body type were assessed. Hemodynamic parameters heart rate and blood pressure were determined:</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The determination of body mass index (BMI) revealed a high degree of discrepancy between bodyweight and height in students of this century. In 1998-99, the normal BMI value was found in 85.2%, above the norm - in 7.4% of the examined. While in 2019, normal BMI values ​​are observed in 58.7%, in 36.5% - above the norm, including 9.5% - 1-2 degree obesity. In 2019, the distribution of students by somatotype changed: along with a decrease in normosthenics by 14.5% and asthenics by 13.2%, the number of hypersthenics increased by 36.5%. Analysis of hemodynamic parameters depending on the type of constitution revealed significantly higher blood pressure (BP.) values ​​in hypersthenics compared to normostenics and asthenics. Over the 20-year period of observation, students had a significant increase in the values ​​of systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and the greatest increase was noted in students with hypersthenic constitution.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The revealed shifts of anthropometric indices in modern Yakut students, compared with the young men of 1998-99, indicate an increase in the prevalence of overweight and the development of a constitution according to the hypersthenic type. Against the background of body hypersthenization, the adaptive capabilities of the circulatory system decrease.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>студенты</kwd><kwd>якуты</kwd><kwd>физическое развитие</kwd><kwd>тип конституции</kwd><kwd>показатели гемодинамики</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>students</kwd><kwd>yakuts</kwd><kwd>physical development</kwd><kwd>type of constitution</kwd><kwd>hemodynamic indicators</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гребнева Н.Н. Эколого-физиологический портрет современных детей и подростков в условиях Тюменской области. 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