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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-4-396-405</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-1388</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОЦЕНКА РИСКОВ ДЛЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изменение показателей химической безвредности питьевой воды Уфы при её транспортировке потребителям</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Changes in the indicators of chemical safety of drinking water in Ufa during its transportation to consumers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0417-074X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вождаева</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vozhdaeva</surname><given-names>Margarita Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1580-7857</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Холова</surname><given-names>Альфия Рустамовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kholova</surname><given-names>Alfia R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. хим. наук, инженер-химик отдела мониторинга органических загрязнителей воды Центральной химико-бактериологической лаборатории ГУП РБ «Уфаводоканал», 450098, Уфа. </p><p>e-mail: al-pochta@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D, chemical engineer of the department of the monitoring of organic water pollutants Central chemical-bacteriological laboratory, State unitary enterprise «Ufavodokanal», Ufa, 450098, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: al-pochta@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">al-pochta@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2387-1477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вагнер</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vagner</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6429-5077</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Труханова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trukhanova</surname><given-names>Natal'ya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4825-1867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельницкий</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnitskiy</surname><given-names>Igor A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8629-3999</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муллоджанов</surname><given-names>Т. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mullodzhanov</surname><given-names>Tahir T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9629-3324</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кантор</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kantor</surname><given-names>Evgeny A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУП Республики Башкортостан «Уфаводоканал»; ФГБОУ ВО «Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State unitary enterprise of the Republic of Bashkortostan «Ufavodokanal»; Ufa State Petroleum Technological University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУП Республики Башкортостан «Уфаводоканал»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State unitary enterprise of the Republic of Bashkortostan «Ufavodokanal»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa State Petroleum Technological University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>396</fpage><lpage>405</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вождаева М.Ю., Холова А.Р., Вагнер Е.В., Труханова Н.В., Мельницкий И.А., Муллоджанов Т.Т., Кантор Е.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вождаева М.Ю., Холова А.Р., Вагнер Е.В., Труханова Н.В., Мельницкий И.А., Муллоджанов Т.Т., Кантор Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vozhdaeva M.Y., Kholova A.R., Vagner E.V., Trukhanova N.V., Melnitskiy I.A., Mullodzhanov T.T., Kantor E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1388">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1388</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Провести суммарную оценку канцерогенных, неканцерогенных, органолептических рисков для здоровья населения и охватить нормируемые и ненормируемые загрязнители питьевой воды, основываясь на результатах долгосрочного мониторинга, возможно с помощью интегрального показателя химической безвредности воды.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В работе исследовалась питьевая вода водозаборов поверхностного и инфильтрационного типов г. Уфы. Примеси определялись методами хроматографии, масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно связанной плазмой, фото-, титриметрии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Основное влияние на величину канцерогенного риска в питьевой воде водозабора поверхностного типа оказывают хлороформ, бромдихлорметан, дихлоруксусная кислота, в воде инфильтрационного водозабора помимо указанных соединений дополнительное влияние оказывают цинк, свинец, хром. Органические соединения техногенной природы (фталаты, бенз(а)пирен, летучие ароматические соединения и др.) не оказывают влияния на величину канцерогенного риска в силу присутствия в низких фоновых концентрациях. Выявленные уровни индивидуальных канцерогенных рисков бромдихлорметана, дихлоруксусной кислоты соответствуют второму диапазону классификации ВОЗ, остальных соединений – первому, что не требует дополнительных мер по их снижению. По мере транспортирования питьевой воды по городским сетям величина суммарного канцерогенного риска снижается на 13–30%. При этом в случае небольшой протяжённости сетей и наличия остаточного хлора в воде концентрации побочных продуктов хлорирования и соответственно величины рисков могут увеличиваться в первые часы транспортирования воды. Величины неканцерогенного и органолептического рисков постоянны при транспортировке питьевой воды разных водозаборов и соответствуют рекомендуемым предельным значениям (СанПиН 1.2.3685-21). Превышения предельно допустимых концентраций индивидуальных загрязнителей в питьевой воде города не выявлено за весь период наблюдений.</p><p>По величине интегрального показателя химической безвредности наиболее благоприятной является питьевая вода инфильтрационного водозабора, в технологии водоподготовки которого для обеззараживания в основном используется ультрафиолетовое облучение (УФО).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Методология оценки химической безвредности воды базируется на установлении вероятностных характеристик вредных эффектов для здоровья человека, обусловленных примесями в питьевой воде. Данный подход не заменяет собой контроль качества воды, согласно установленным гигиеническим требованиям, но дополняет возможностью оценки влияния загрязняющих веществ разных классов на человека при их совместном присутствии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. To conduct a total assessment of carcinogenic, non-carcinogenic, and organoleptic risks to public health and cover both normalized and non-normalized pollutants of potable water, based on the results of long-term monitoring studies, it is possible using an integral indicator of chemical harmlessness of water.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Authors studied potable water of water intakes of surface and infiltration types from potable water reservoirs and remote zones of Ufa water distribution networks. Impurities were determined by chromatography, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, photometric, nephelometric, and titrimetric methods. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The main effect on the amount of carcinogenic risk in potable water of the surface water intake are chloroform, bromodichlethane, dichloroacetic acid, in the infiltration water intake - in addition to these compounds zinc, lead and chromium are in addition influenced. Organic compounds (phthalates, benz(a)pyrene, volatile aromatic compounds, etc.) have no effect on this type of risk due to the presence in water in low background concentrations. The identified number of individual carcinogenic risks for bromodichloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid according to the WHO classification corresponds to the second range. As the surface type water intake is removed from the potable water reservoir, the total carcinogenic risk of water decreases by 13-30%, and the infiltration type increases by 41-84%. Values of noncancerogenic and organoleptic risks are constant for potable water of different water intakes and correspond to recommended limit values. The excess of the maximum permissible concentrations (SanPin 1.2.3685-21) of individual substances in the potable water of the city has not been detected for the whole period of observation.</p><p>In terms of the integral indicator of chemical harmlessness, the most favorable is the po-table water of the infiltration water intake, in the technology of which is mainly used the UV for decontamination of water.  </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Using a risk assessment methodology complements the traditional approach to assessing water quality under modern hygiene standards. It becomes possible to evaluate the effect of pollutants of various classes on water quality when they are present together.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>питьевая вода</kwd><kwd>городские распределительные водопроводные сети</kwd><kwd>риски</kwd><kwd>интегральный показатель химической безвредности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>potable water</kwd><kwd>urban water distribution networks</kwd><kwd>risks</kwd><kwd>integral indicator (index) of chemical harmlessness</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Онищенко Г.Г. Итоги и перспективы обеспечения санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения Российской Федерации. Гигиена и санитария. 2012; 91(4): 4-15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onishchenko G.G. 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