medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-7-725-732medlit-14Research ArticleОЦЕНКА РИСКОВ ДЛЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯHEALTH RISK ASSESSMENTТяжёлые металлы и мышьяк в питьевой воде и оценка риска здоровью населения региона с развитой горнодобывающей промышленностьюHeavy metals and arsenic in drinking water and health risk assessment of the region with the developed mining industryhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5381-8744БабаянГаяне ГрантовнаBabayanGayane H.gayane.babayan@cens.amСакоянА. Г.SakoyanAstghik G.noemail@neicon.ruЦентр эколого-ноосферных исследований НАН РАCenter for Ecological-Noosphere Studies NAS RA202008092020997725732Copyright © Бабаян Г.Г., Сакоян А.Г., 20202020Бабаян Г.Г., Сакоян А.Г.Babayan G.H., Sakoyan A.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/14Введение

Введение. Водозабор питьевой воды для городов и сёл южной Армении осуществляется из малых горных рек бассейнов Вохчи и Мегри, вода которых очищается на пяти очистных станциях. В бассейнах рек сосредоточены основные медно-молибденовые и золоторудные промышленные центры республики. Целью исследования является изучение тяжёлых металлов Ag, Al, As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sb, Se, Zn, Hg, Te в системах централизованного питьевого водоснабжения и оценка рисков питьевой воды для здоровья населения.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. В течение 2016-2017 гг. из 43 пунктов отбора взято и проанализировано 53 основные пробы воды, из которых 14 - из поверхностных источников водоснабжения, 16 - со станций очистки воды, 33 - из водопроводных сетей. Тяжёлые металлы определялись методом атомно-абсорбционной спектроскопии. Для оценки качества воды в местах водозабора использованы экологические (региональные) нормативы и национальные и международные стандарты питьевых вод. Оценён риск развития неканцерогенных и канцерогенных эффектов при пероральном их поступлении и дермальной экспозиции водопроводной воды.

Результаты

Результаты. В местах водозабора регионально-фоновые уровни поверхностных вод превышают концентрации алюминия, железа, молибдена, олова, сурьмы (1,1-13,3 раза). Эффективность очистки воды на очистных станциях по разным металлам составляет 12-69%. Концентрации тяжёлых металлов в питьевых водах не превышают нормы. Риск развития у населения неканцерогенных эффектов при хроническом воздействии питьевой воды на организм человека несущественен (HI < 1), а суммарный канцерогенный риск превышает безопасный предел развития рака по мышьяку (CR = 9,59 • 10-5).

Заключение

Заключение. Допустимое качество питьевой воды, поступающей к потребителю, ещё не показатель надёжного и безопасного питьевого водоснабжения на изученной территории ввиду загрязнённости воды в местах водозабора, устаревших технологий очистки, плохого санитарно-технического состояния станций и водопроводных сетей.

Introduction. Drinking water intended for South Armenia’s towns and rural communities is abstracted from minor mountain rivers belonging to the basins of the Voghchi and Meghri, the water of which is treated at five water treatment plants. The river basins are home to the major copper molybdenum and gold ore mining centers of the republic.The purpose of this research was to study heavy metals Ag, Al, As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sb, Se, Zn, Hg, Te in centralized drinking water supply systems and assess drinking water-caused health risks to the population.Material and methods. In 2016-2017 from 43 sampling sites a total of 53 basic water samples were taken, including 14- from surface water supply sources, 16 - from water treatment plants, 33- from water supply networks. Heavy metals were determined by the atomic absorption method. To assess the quality of water on water abstraction sites relevant ecological (regional) norms and national and international standards were used. The risk of development of noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic effects was assessed in the case of oral intake of and dermal exposure to tap water.Results. On water abstraction sites, background regional levels of surface waters exceeded the concentration of aluminum, iron, molybdenum, tin, antimony (by as 13.3-1.1 times). Water treatment efficiency at water treatment plants is estimated at 12% - 69% depending on different metals. Concentrations of heavy metals in drinking water do not exceed the norms. The risk of development of noncarcinogenic effects in the population at chronic exposure to drinking water is insignificant (HI<1), whereas a total carcinogenic risk exceeds a safety limit for arsenic (CR=9.59×10–5).Conclusion. The acceptable quality of drinking water supplied to consumers is not yet an index of sustainable and safe water supply in the studied region because of a water pollution level on intake sites, obsolete water treatment technologies, poor sanitation and technical condition of plants and water networks.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.