medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-6-555-559medlit-1518Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENEВлияние загрязнения воздуха твёрдыми взвешенными частицами на развитие болезней системы кровообращения (обзор литературы)The impact of air pollution with the particulate matter on the development of cardiovascular diseases (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1628-199XГерманСерафима ВениаминовнаGermanSerafima V.

Вед. науч. сотр. лаб. экологии человека и общественного здоровья ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва.

e-mail: SGerman@cspmz.ru; alicevict@gmail.com

MD, Ph.D., DSci., leading researcher of the Laboratory of human ecology and public health of the Center of strategic planning and management of medico biological risks to health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.

e-mail: SGerman@cspmz.ru

sgerman@cspmz.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1805-4010БобровницкийИ. П.BobrovnitskiiIgor P.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4217-4300БалакаеваА. В.BalakaevaAlisa V.noemail@neicon.ruФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияCenter of strategic planning and management of medico biological risks to healthRussian Federation2021140720211006555559Copyright © Герман С.В., Бобровницкий И.П., Балакаева А.В., 20212021Герман С.В., Бобровницкий И.П., Балакаева А.В.German S.V., Bobrovnitskii I.P., Balakaeva A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1518

Загрязнение атмосферного воздуха представляет серьёзную угрозу для здоровья людей. Оно признаётся важным фактором риска заболеваемости и смертности, способствуя прежде всего развитию сердечно-сосудистой патологии – артериальной гипертензии, острого инфаркта миокарда, сердечной недостаточности, инсульта. Уменьшение загрязнения воздуха сопровождается снижением частоты сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ). Продолжаются исследования механизмов развития ССЗ под влиянием воздушных загрязнений. Основными биологическими путями являются воспаление и оксидативный стресс, запускающие ряд синергичных патофизиологических реакций. При этом наибольший вред оказывают твёрдые взвешенные в воздухе частицы (particulate matter – РМ), а среди них ультрадисперсные частицы РМ0,1 (менее 0,1 мкм) с наибольшей проникающей способностью. Загрязнение воздуха взвешенными частицами может оказывать негативные эффекты как при длительном, так и при кратковременном воздействии. Пожилые люди, пациенты с ССЗ, хронической обструктивной болезнью лёгких, сахарным диабетом, ожирением более уязвимы при воздействии загрязнителей.

Цель работы – обобщение данных, посвящённых проблеме связи загрязнения воздуха с ССЗ, полученных за последние полтора десятилетия. Проведён поиск литературы в базах данных МеdLine, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar.

Результаты исследований воздействия воздушных загрязнений могут различаться из-за разницы в концентрациях, составе загрязнений, длительности их воздействия, структуре исследований, характеристике участников исследований и др. Кроме того, восприимчивость к загрязнению воздуха может варьироваться под влиянием других факторов – экономических, экологических, социальных и др. Характер загрязнения атмосферного воздуха изучали во многих промышленных центрах России, но его воздействию на состояние сердечно-сосудистой системы в стране посвящены лишь единичные исследования. Знание этой проблемы до настоящего времени остаётся недостаточным.

Air pollution constitutes a severe threat to human health. It is recognized as an essential risk factor for morbidity and mortality, contributing primarily to the development of cardiovascular pathology - arterial hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke. A decrease in air pollution is accompanied by reducing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Researches on CVD mechanisms development under the influence of air pollutants keep on being conducted. The main biological pathways are inflammation and oxidative stress, causing cascades of synergistic pathophysiological reactions. The most significant harm is caused by the particulate matter (PM) and ultrafine particles PM0.1 (less than 0.1 microns) with the highest penetrating ability. Air pollution by PM can have adverse effects with both prolonged and short-term exposure. The elderly patients with CVD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity are more vulnerable to exposure to pollutants.

The purpose of this work is to generalize data on the issue of the interconnection of air pollution with particulate matter and cardiovascular diseases obtained over the past decade and a half. A literature search was conducted in MedLine, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar databases.

The results of studies on exposure to air pollutants may vary due to differences in concentration, the composition of pollutants, duration of exposure, study design, characteristics of study participants, etc. In addition, susceptibility to air pollution can vary under the influence of other factors - economic, environmental, social, etc. The nature of atmospheric air pollution has been studied in many industrial centres of Russia. Still, only a few studies have been devoted to its effect on the country’s cardiovascular system. Awareness of this problem remains insufficient to date.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.