<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-7-674-678</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-1570</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНА ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гигиеническая оценка условий труда при применении фунгицида класса анилинопиримидина</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygienic assessment of working conditions under use of anilinopyrimidine fungicide</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-6507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ракитский</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakitskii</surname><given-names>Valerii N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9908-6590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антипова</surname><given-names>Валентина Ивановна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antipova</surname><given-names>Valentina I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены труда Института гигиены, токсикологии пестицидов и химической безопасности ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Московская область, Мытищи, Россия.</p><p>e-mail: antipovavi@fferisman.ru </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, junior researcher of the Department of occupational hygiene of the Institute of hygiene, toxicology of pesticides and chemical safety of the F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Centre of Hygiene” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing. 141014, Moscow region, Mytishchi, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: antipoavi@fferisman.ru </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antipovavi@fferisman.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1539-1633</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масальцев</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Masaltsev</surname><given-names>Gleb V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>F.F. Erisman Federal scientific centre of hygiene” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>674</fpage><lpage>678</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ракитский В.Н., Антипова В.И., Масальцев Г.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ракитский В.Н., Антипова В.И., Масальцев Г.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rakitskii V.N., Antipova V.I., Masaltsev G.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1570">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1570</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Ассортимент фунгицидов в сельском хозяйстве постоянно обновляется за счёт создания новых высокоэффективных, но умеренно токсичных пестицидов, которые позволяют минимизировать риски для работающих с ними.</p><p>Цель исследования – оценка риска для здоровья работающих при применении препаратов на основе пириметанила в сельском хозяйстве с использованием различных технологий.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Изучались условия труда при работе с препаратами на основе пириметанила обособленно или в смеси (пириметанил + флуопирам) в натурных условиях: при наземном штанговом опрыскивании полевых культур; вентиляторного опрыскивания садовых культур; ранцевого опрыскивания томатов защищённого грунта (теплица), садовых и полевых культур в личных подсобных хозяйствах (ЛПХ). Пробы воздуха рабочей зоны отбирали в зоне дыхания работающих с пестицидами (операторы и пользователи) с использованием аспирационных устройств марки ПУ-4Э на фильтры. До и после работы были проведены смывы со стандартных участков кожи оператора и пользователя, проведена идентификация пириметанила и флуопирама в пробах воздуха и смывов. Определён риск (КБсумм) по экспозиции комплексного (ингаляционного и дермального) воздействия пестицидов суммированием коэффициентов безопасности ингаляционного (КБинг) и кожного (КБд) поступления пестицидов (МУ 1.2.3017-12). Риск по поглощённой дозе (КБп) определяли соотношением поглощённой экспозиционной дозы пестицидов и допустимого суточного уровня экспозиции для оператора (ДСУЭО, мг/кг) и допустимой суточной дозы (ДСД, мг/кг м. т.).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установленные коэффициенты безопасности при оценке комплексного воздействия пириметанила по экспозиции (КБсумм – 0,08–0,11) и по поглощённой дозе (КБп – 0,002–0,007) позволяют считать допустимыми риски здоровью работающих и пользователей при условии строгого соблюдения регламентов и мер безопасности.Заключение. Полученные результаты явились основанием для рекомендации препаратов на основе пириметанила к применению в сельскохозяйственном производстве на территории России.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:</p></sec><sec><title>Ракитский В</title><p>Ракитский В.Н. — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи;</p></sec><sec><title>Антипова В</title><p>Антипова В.И. — концепция и дизайн исследования, проведение исследования, сбор первичных данных, статистический анализ данных, написание текста, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи;</p></sec><sec><title>Масальцев Г</title><p>Масальцев Г.В. — проведение исследования, сбор первичных данных, написание некоторых разделов статьи, редактирование.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. An assortment of fungicides in agriculture is constantly being updated due to creating new highly effective but moderately toxic pesticide formulations that minimize the risks for those working with them. The study aimed to research working conditions and assess the risk for workers during the application of pyrimethanil-based plant protection products in agriculture using various technologies.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Working conditions when using preparations based on pyrimethanil separately or in a mixture (pyrimethanil+fluopyram) in field conditions: during ground boom spraying of field crops; air blast spraying of horticultural crops; knapsack spraying of sheltered ground tomato (greenhouse), field and horticultural crops in individual subsidiary plots (PSP). Air samples of the working area were gathered in the breathing zone of those working with pesticides (operators and users) using PU-4E aspiration devices coupled with filters. Before and after work, swab samples were taken from common areas of the operator’s and user’s skin, and pyrimethanil and fluopyram were identified in air and swab samples. Total risk for the complex (inhalation and dermal) exposure (SFsum) was calculated by summing the safety factors of pesticide inhalation (SFinh) and dermal (SFd) income of pesticides (MU 1.2.3017-12). The absorbed dose risk (SFab) was determined by the ratio of the absorbed exposure dose of pesticides and the permissible daily exposure level for the operator (PDELO, mg/kg) and the acceptable daily intake (ADI, mg/kg bw).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The established safety factors when assessing the complex effect of pyrimethanil by exposure (SFexp – 0.08-0.11) and by absorbed dose (SFad – 0.002-0.007) allow considering the health risks for workers and consumers as permissible, subject to strict adherence to regulations and safety measures. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The obtained results are the basis for recommending pyrimethanil-based formulations for use in agricultural production in Russia.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution:</p></sec><sec><title>Rakitskii V</title><p>Rakitskii V.N. — approval of the final version of the manuscript.</p></sec><sec><title>Antipova V</title><p>Antipova V.I. — concept and design of the study, conduction of the study, primary data acquisition, statistical data analysis, writing of the manuscript, editing, approval of the final version of the manuscript, responsible for all of the sections of the manuscript.</p></sec><sec><title>Masaltsev G</title><p>Masaltsev G.V. — conduction of the study, primary data acquisition, writing of some sections of the manuscript, editing.</p><p>Approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article — all co-authors.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пестициды</kwd><kwd>фунгициды</kwd><kwd>технологии применения</kwd><kwd>поглощённая экспозиционная доза</kwd><kwd>оценка риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pesticides</kwd><kwd>fungicides</kwd><kwd>application technologies</kwd><kwd>absorbed exposure dose</kwd><kwd>risk assessment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McDougall P. Evolution of the Crop Protection Industry Since 1960. Midlothian, UK; 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McDougall P. Evolution of the Crop Protection Industry Since 1960. Midlothian, UK; 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cowen L.E., Sanglard D., Howard S.J., Rogers P.D., Perlin D.S. Mechanisms of antifungal drug resistance. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 2015; 5(7): a019752. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a019752</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cowen L.E., Sanglard D., Howard S.J., Rogers P.D., Perlin D.S. Mechanisms of antifungal drug resistance. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 2015; 5(7): a019752. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a019752</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">CropLife.org. Members. Available at: https://croplife.org/about/members/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">CropLife.org. Members. Available at: https://croplife.org/about/members/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kar S., Roy K., Leszczynski J. On applications of QSARs in food and agricultural sciences: history and critical review of recent developments. In: Advances in QSAR Modeling. Cham: Springer; 2017: 203-302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kar S., Roy K., Leszczynski J. On applications of QSARs in food and agricultural sciences: history and critical review of recent developments. In: Advances in QSAR Modeling. Cham: Springer; 2017: 203–302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buchenauer H., Walker F., Gisi U., Müller U. Fungicides acting on amino acids and protein synthesis. Modern Crop Protection Compounds. New York: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. 2011: 693-714. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527619580.ch14</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buchenauer H., Walker F., Gisi U., Müller U. Fungicides acting on amino acids and protein synthesis. Modern Crop Protection Compounds. New York: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. 2011: 693–714. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527619580.ch14</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hirooka T., Ishii H. Chemical control of plant diseases. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 2013; 79(6): 390-401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-013-0470-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hirooka T., Ishii H. Chemical control of plant diseases. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 2013; 79(6): 390–401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-013-0470-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">FAO., World Health Organization. Joint Meeting of Pesticides Residues Report. Food &amp; Agriculture Org.; 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">FAO., World Health Organization. Joint Meeting of Pesticides Residues Report. Food &amp; Agriculture Org.; 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rheinheimer J., Rieck H., Coqueron P.Y. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors. In: Kramer W., Schirmer U., Jeschke P., Witschel M., eds. Modern Crop Protection Compounds. Weinheim Wiley-VCH; 2012: 627-45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rheinheimer J., Rieck H., Coqueron P.Y. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors. In: Kramer W., Schirmer U., Jeschke P., Witschel M., eds. Modern Crop Protection Compounds. Weinheim Wiley-VCH; 2012: 627–45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fungicide resistance action committee (FRAC). FRAC Code© List 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fungicide resistance action committee (FRAC). FRAC Code© List 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Справочник пестицидов и агрохимикатов, разрешенных к применению на территории Российской Федерации. М.: Агрохим XXI; 2020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Handbook of Pesticides and Agrochemicals Permitted for Use on the Territory of the Russian Federation [Spravochnik pestitsidov i agrokhimikatov, razreshennykh k primeneniyu na territorii Rossiyskoy Federatsii]. Moscow: Agrochem XXI; 2020. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">British Crop Production Council (BCPC). The Pesticide Manual: A World Compendium; 2018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">British Crop Production Council (BCPC). The Pesticide Manual: A World Compendium; 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ракитский В.Н., Березняк И.В. Российская модель оценки риска для работающих с пестицидами: В кн.: Материалы XI Всероссийского съезда гигиенистов и санитарных врачей. Часть 2. М.; 2012: 209-12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rakitskiy V.N., Bereznyak I.V. Russian model of risk assessment for those working with pesticides: In: Proceedings of the XI All-Russian Congress of Hygienists and Sanitary Doctors. Part 2 [Materialy XI Vserossiyskogo s”ezda gigienistov i sanitarnykh vrachey. Chast’ 2]. Moscow; 2012: 209–12. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
