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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-7-736-743</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-1581</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODS OF HYGIENIC AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка экспериментальных условий, влияющих на уровень спонтанных мутаций штаммов Salmonella, используемых в тесте Эймса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of experimental conditions affecting spontaneous mutation level of Salmonella strains used in the Ames test</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4748-8771</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>Ольга Валерьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. генетической токсикологии, ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Московская область, Мытищи.</p><p>e-mail: egorovaov@fferisman.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD,PhD, senior researcher of the department of genetic toxicology, “Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: egorovaov@fferisman.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egorovaov@fferisman.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5356-2600</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidova</surname><given-names>Yuliya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9122-9465</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Илюшина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyushina</surname><given-names>Nataliya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>736</fpage><lpage>743</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Егорова О.В., Демидова Ю.В., Илюшина Н.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Егорова О.В., Демидова Ю.В., Илюшина Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Egorova O.V., Demidova Y.V., Ilyushina N.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1581">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1581</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Метод оценки частоты обратных генных мутаций на бактериях (тест Эймса) нашёл широкое применение в практике тестирования мутагенной активности химических веществ. Уровень спонтанного мутирования индикаторных культур является обязательной характеристикой, подлежащей контролю в лаборатории, выполняющей исследования с помощью теста Эймса. В связи с этим важной задачей является оценка факторов, которые могут влиять на уровень спонтанных мутаций в эксперименте и, следовательно, на общее заключение о мутагенности объекта испытания.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В эксперименте использовали стандартный чашечный тест без метаболической активации и в присутствии микросомной активирующей смеси.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В настоящей работе обобщены данные исторического контроля, полученные в лаборатории в период 2016–2020 гг., установлены пределы колебаний числа ревертантных колоний по каждому штамму и выявлены факторы вариабельности отрицательного контроля. Не обнаружено значимых отличий в формировании спонтанного фона индикаторных культур при использовании ДМСО или воды в качестве растворителей, пробирок из полипропилена или полистирола, а также чашек Петри разных типов. В случае культур ТА1535, ТА102 и ТА100 не выявлено влияния присутствия смеси S9 в эксперименте на спонтанный фон реверсии (р ≤ 0,05). Статистически достоверные отличия количества спонтанных ревертантов (при +S9 или –S9) были найдены для штаммов ТА97 и ТА98. Показано, что важными факторами, приводящими к вариабельности исторического отрицательного контроля, являются объём селективной среды и марка желирующего агента в её составе.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Для обеспечения качества экспериментов, согласно принципам надлежащей лабораторной практики и достоверности данных, получаемых с использованием метода оценки обратных генных мутаций, необходима стандартизация операций, предваряющих постановку теста Эймса.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: </p></sec><sec><title>Егорова О</title><p>Егорова О.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор литературных данных, сбор материала, анализ результатов, статистическая обработка, написание текста;</p></sec><sec><title>Демидова Ю</title><p>Демидова Ю.В. — сбор материала;</p></sec><sec><title>Илюшина Н</title><p>Илюшина Н.А. — анализ результатов, написание текста.</p><p>Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The bacterial reverse gene mutations test (the Ames test) is widely used to assess chemicals’ mutagenic activity. The spontaneous mutation level of test strains is a mandatory characteristic that has to be monitored in a laboratory performing mutagenicity studies using the Ames test. In this regard, it is important to assess the factors affecting the spontaneous mutation level in the experiment and, therefore, on the general conclusion on the test item mutagenicity.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. A plate incorporation test version was used both in the presence and absence of a metabolic activation system.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. We summarized the historical control data obtained in the laboratory in 2016-2020, determine the fluctuation limits in the number of revertant colonies for each strain, and identify the factors affecting the negative control variability. No significant differences were found in the spontaneous background of test strains when using DMSO or water as solvents, polypropylene or polystyrene tubes, as well as Petri dishes of different types. In the case of the TA1535, TA102 and TA100 cultures, no influence of the presence of the S9 mixture on the spontaneous reversion range was revealed (p≤0.05). Statistically significant differences in the number of spontaneous revertants (at + S9 or -S9) were found for the strains that allow detecting frameshift mutations, TA97 and TA98. It has been shown that the volume of the selective medium and the brand of gelling agent in its composition are important factors leading to the variability of the historical negative control.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. To ensure the quality of experiments according to the principles of good laboratory practice and the reliability of the data obtained using the bacterial reverse mutation method, it is necessary to standardize the operations in advance of experiments.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: </p></sec><sec><title>Egorova O</title><p>Egorova O.V. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical analysis, writing a text;</p></sec><sec><title>Demidova Yu</title><p>Demidova Yu.V. — collection of material;</p></sec><sec><title>Ilyushina N</title><p>Ilyushina N.A. — processing of material, writing a text.</p><p>All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version </p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оценка мутагенности</kwd><kwd>тест Эймса</kwd><kwd>обратные генные мутации</kwd><kwd>уровень спонтанного мутирования</kwd><kwd>Salmonella</kwd><kwd>отрицательный исторический контроль</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mutagenicity assessment</kwd><kwd>Ames test</kwd><kwd>reverse gene mutations</kwd><kwd>spontaneous mutation level</kwd><kwd>Salmonella</kwd><kwd>negative historical control</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eastmond D., Hartwig A., Anderson D., Anwar W., Cimino M., Dobrev I., et al. Mutagenicity testing for chemical risk assessment: update of the WHO/IPCS Harmonized Scheme. 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