medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-8-797-802medlit-1625Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENEАнализ международного законодательства в области обеспечения защиты подземных источников водоснабжения (обзор литературы)Foreign legislation in the field of drinking groundwater protection (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0694-5334БорисоваД. С.BorisovaDaria S.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1629-5435ЕреминГеннадий БорисовичYereminGennadiy B.

Канд. мед. наук, руководитель отд. анализа рисков здоровью населения ФБУН «Северо-Западный научный центр гигиены и общественного здоровья», 191036, Санкт-Петербург.

e-mail: yeremin45@yandex.ru 

MD, PhD, Head of the Department of health risk analysis of the North-West Public Health Research Center, St. Petersburg, 191036, Russian Federation.

e-mail: yeremin45@yandex.ru 

yeremin45@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5498-076XНикуленковА. М.NikulenkovAnton M.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8051-097XМозжухинаН. А.MozzhukhinaNatalya A.noemail@neicon.ruФБУН «Северо-Западный научный центр гигиены и общественного здоровья» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияNorth-West Public Health Research Center; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. MechnikovRussian FederationФБУН «Северо-Западный научный центр гигиены и общественного здоровья» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человекаРоссияNorth-West Public Health Research CenterRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургское отделение ФГБУН «Институт геоэкологии имени Е.М. Сергеева Российской академии наук»РоссияE.M. Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияNorth-Western State Medical University named after I.I. MechnikovRussian Federation2021310820211008797802Copyright © Борисова Д.С., Еремин Г.Б., Никуленков А.М., Мозжухина Н.А., 20212021Борисова Д.С., Еремин Г.Б., Никуленков А.М., Мозжухина Н.А.Borisova D.S., Yeremin G.B., Nikulenkov A.M., Mozzhukhina N.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1625

Необходимость охраны подземных источников питьевого и хозяйственно-бытового водоснабжения диктуется рядом причин, в число которых входят климатические изменения, рост антропогенной нагрузки, увеличение потребности в питьевой воде. Пионером в области охраны питьевых вод в мире являлся СССР, в котором уже в 1956 г. была введена в действие инструкция по установлению зон санитарной охраны (ЗСО). Первые шаги в решении данного вопроса предприняты в США спустя лишь 7 лет. Наряду с советскими разработками руководства США и Германии до сих пор являются фундаментальными и содержат основополагающие рекомендации по защите подземных вод.

Требования, связанные с охраной водозаборов, в законодательных актах различных государств реализованы на международном уровне (Директива 2000/60/EC, Директива 2006/118/EC), на национальном (Австралийская национальная стратегия, закон США о безопасной питьевой воде, закон КНР о предотвращении и контроле загрязнения питьевой воды) и местном уровнях (руководство по установлению ЗСО штата Нью-Джерси). К числу общих черт относится выделение в ЗСО поясов с различным режимом разрешённого использования территории: 1-й пояс (строгого режима) – 10–50 м, 2-й пояс 50 дней – 10 лет, 3-й пояс – вся зона водосбора.

Заключение

Заключение. Несмотря на то что в каждой стране используются разные подходы к защите подземных вод, в целом наблюдается сходство в установлении и организации ЗСО подземных водозаборов, в которых запрещены или ограничены некоторые виды деятельности.

В Российской Федерации представляется важной формализация результатов научных исследований и существующего опыта по охране подземных источников питьевого водоснабжения в виде руководств, позволяющих обеспечить оптимальное управление питьевыми водными ресурсами и сохранение качества питьевой воды, гарантировать их доступность в будущем.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов:

Борисова Д

Борисова Д.С. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста;

Еремин Г

Еремин Г.Б.  — концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи;

Никуленков А

Никуленков А.М. — написание текста;

Мозжухина Н

Мозжухина Н.А. — написание текста, редактирование.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

 

 

The need to protect underground sources of drinking and household water supply. Many reasons, including climatic changes, an increase in anthropogenic pressure, and an increase in the need for drinking water, dictate the need to protect underground sources of drinking and domestic water supply. The USSR was the pioneer in the field of drinking water protection in the world. Already in 1956, USSR put an instruction on the establishment of sanitary protection zones (SPZ) into effect. The United States took the first steps in resolving this issue only seven years later. Along with Soviet developments, the USA and German guidelines are still fundamental and contain fundamental recommendations for groundwater protection.

The requirements related to the protection of water intakes in the legislative acts of various states have been implemented at the international level (Directive 2000/60 / EU, Directive 2006/118 / EU), nationally (Australian National Strategy, USA Safe Drinking Water Law, PRC Law on Drinking Water Pollution Prevention and Control) and Local Levels (New Jersey safeguard zone (SGZ) Guidelines). Among the standard features is the allocation of belts in the S with different permitted use regimes: belt I (strict regime) - 10-50 m, belt II -50 days -10 years, belt III - the entire catchment area.

Conclusions

Conclusions. Despite the fact that each country uses different approaches to protecting groundwater, in general, there is a similarity in the establishment and organization of SGZ for groundwater intakes, in which certain activities are prohibited or restricted.

In the Russian Federation, it seems important to formalize the results of scientific research and existing experience in the protection of underground sources of drinking water supply in the form of Guidelines to allow ensuring optimal management of drinking water resources and preserve the quality of drinking water, to guarantee their availability in the future.

Contribution

Contribution:

Borisova D

Borisova D.S. — the concept and design of the study, the collection and processing of the material, writing a text;

Yeremin G

Yeremin G.B. — the concept and design of the study, editing, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;

Nikulenkov A

Nikulenkov A.M. — writing a text;

Mozzhukhina N

Mozzhukhina N.A. — writing a text, editing.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgment

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.