medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-9-929-932medlit-1717Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENEГигиеническая оценка влияния сетей сотовой связи 5G/IMT-2020 на здоровье населения (обзор литературы)Hygienic assessment of the impact of 5G/IMT-2020 communication networks on public health (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7929-9441ЕгороваАнна МихайловнаEgorovaAnna M.

Доктор мед. наук, зав. отд. медицины труда ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи.

e-mail: egorovaam@fferisman.ru

MD, PhD DSci, Head of the Department of Occupational Medicine of the Institute of Complex Problems of Hygiene of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation.

e-mail: egorovaam@fferisman.ru

egorovaam@fferisman.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-1404ЛуценкоЛ. А.LutsenkoLydiya A.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1915-1138СуховаА. В.SukhovaAnna V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2623-4388КолюкаВ. В.KolyukaVyacheslav V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3465-9191ТурдыевР. В.TurdyevRustam V.noemail@neicon.ruФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человекаFederal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing2021060920211009929932Copyright © Егорова А.М., Луценко Л.А., Сухова А.В., Колюка В.В., Турдыев Р.В., 20212021Егорова А.М., Луценко Л.А., Сухова А.В., Колюка В.В., Турдыев Р.В.Egorova A.M., Lutsenko L.A., Sukhova A.V., Kolyuka V.V., Turdyev R.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1717

Программой «Цифровая экономика Российской Федерации» утверждена Концепция создания и развития сетей 5G/IMT-2020. Развитие связи 5G окажет существенное влияние на реализацию многих инновационных проектов и инициатив: проекта «Умный город», «Беспилотный транспорт» и др. Наряду с большими техническими преимуществами по сравнению со связью предыдущих поколений (2G, 3G, 4G) технология 5G имеет совсем иные излучающие характеристики: большее количество излучающих элементов, модуляцию сигналов, трёхмерный луч, возможность управления лучом, СВЧ (сверхвысокие) и КВЧ (крайне высокие) диапазоны радиочастот и сантиметровые и миллиметровые длины волн электромагнитного излучения. Поэтому особенно актуальной проблемой становится обеспечение безопасности воздействия на организм человека неионизирующих электромагнитных полей диапазона радиочастот (30 кГЦ – 300 ГГц). Проведён поиск литературы о биологических эффектах сотовой связи 5G и электромагнитного излучения сантиметрового и миллиметрового диапазонов с использованием соответствующих ключевых слов в поисковых системах PubMed, по базам данных Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, РИНЦ и др. 

В настоящее время установлены предварительные и противоречивые данные о влиянии 5G. Быстро растущая плотность беспроводных устройств и антенн (с учётом будущих сетей 5G) повышает риск здоровью населения от воздействия электромагнитных полей радиочастотного диапазона (ЭМП РЧ), так как глубина проникновения для КВЧ-излучения 5G составляет всего несколько миллиметров. На этих длинах волн возможны резонансные явления на клеточном и молекулярном уровнях, в частности, в отношении способности СВЧ и КВЧ стимулировать окислительные процессы, повреждать ДНК. Влияние миллиметрового диапазона ЭМП РЧ малоизучено, возможно возникновение онкологических и неонкологических (влияние на репродуктивную, иммунную системы и др.) эффектов. С помощью методов численного моделирования резонансов излучения ЭМП на насекомых Thielens A. и соавт. (2018), установили значительное общее увеличение поглощённой радиочастотной мощности на частоте 6 ГГц и выше по сравнению с частотой ниже 6 ГГц.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов:

Егорова А

Егорова А.М. — сбор данных литературы, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи;

Луценко Л

Луценко Л.А. — редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи;

Сухова А

Сухова А.В. — написание текста, редактирование;

Колюка В

Колюка В.В. — сбор данных литературы;

Турдыев Р

Турдыев Р.В. — сбор данных литературы, написание текста.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

The program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” approved the Concept for the creation and development of 5G / IMT-2020 networks. The development of 5G communications will significantly impact the implementation of many innovative projects and initiatives: the Smart City project, Unmanned Transport, etc. Along with significant technical advantages compared to previous generations of communication (2G, 3G, 4G), 5G technology has completely different emitting characteristics: more emitting elements, signal modulation, three-dimensional beam, the ability to control the beam, SHF (ultra-high) and EHF (extremely high) radio frequency ranges and centimetre and millimetre wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation.

Therefore, it is becoming an especially urgent problem to ensure exposure to the human body of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields of the radio frequency range (30 kHz–300 GHz). The authors searched the literature on the biological effects of 5G cellular communications and electromagnetic radiation in the centimetre and millimetre ranges using the appropriate keywords in PubMed search engines, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI and others.

There is currently tentative and conflicting evidence on the impact of 5G. The rapidly growing density of wireless devices and antennas (considering future 5G networks) increases the public health risk from exposure to RF EMFs as the penetration depth for 5G EHF radiation is only a few millimetres. At these wavelengths, resonance phenomena are possible at the cellular and molecular levels, particularly concerning stimulating SHF and EHF oxidative processes and damaging DNA. The influence of the millimetre range of RF-EMF is poorly understood; oncological and non-oncological (impact on the reproductive, immune systems, etc.) effects are possible. Using numerical simulation methods of EMF radiation resonances on insects, Thielens A et al., 2018, found a significant overall increase in the absorbed RF power at a frequency of 6 GHz and higher than a frequency below 6 GHz.

Contribution

Contribution:

Egorova A

Egorova A.M. — collection of literature data, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;

Lutsenko L

Lutsenko L.A. — editing, approval of the final version of the article;

Sukhova A

Sukhova A.V. — text writing, editing;

Kolyuka V

Kolyuka V.V. — collection of literature data;

Turdyev R

Turdyev R.V. — collection of literary data, text writing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgment

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.