medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-11-1328-1332medlit-1856Research ArticleМЕТОДЫ ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙMETHODS OF HYGIENIC AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONSБиомаркеры старения в исследовании профессионально обусловленных вредных воздействий (обзор литературы)Biomarkers of ageing in the study of occupational harm impacts (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1962-2323КаримовДенис ДмитриевичKarimovDenis D.

Мл. науч. сотр. отд. токсикологии и генетики ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», 450106, Уфа.

e-mail: karriden@gmail.com

MD, senior researcher in the department of toxicology and genetics of Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation.

e-mail: karriden@gmail.com

karriden@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2092-1021КудояровЭ. Р.KudoyarovEldar R.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7456-4787МухаммадиеваГ. Ф.MukhammadiyevaGuzel F.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1848-7959ЗиатдиноваМ. М.ZiatdinovaMunira M.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1856-3173БайгильдинС. С.BaigildinSamat S.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1236-8246ЯкуповаТ. Г.YakupovaTatiana G.noemail@neicon.ruФБУН «Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда и экологии человека»; Институт биохимии и генетики - обособленное структурное подразделение ФГБНУ «Уфимский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук»РоссияUfa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology; Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФБУН «Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда и экологии человека»РоссияUfa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human EcologyRussian Federation2021061220211001113281332Copyright © Каримов Д.Д., Кудояров Э.Р., Мухаммадиева Г.Ф., Зиатдинова М.М., Байгильдин С.С., Якупова Т.Г., 20212021Каримов Д.Д., Кудояров Э.Р., Мухаммадиева Г.Ф., Зиатдинова М.М., Байгильдин С.С., Якупова Т.Г.Karimov D.D., Kudoyarov E.R., Mukhammadiyeva G.F., Ziatdinova M.M., Baigildin S.S., Yakupova T.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1856

Старение — это индивидуальный, сложный биологический процесс, модулируемый внутренними и внешними факторами, характеризующийся прогрессирующей потерей биологической/физиологической целостности, что приводит к нарушению функций организма, увеличивает уязвимость к болезням и смерти. 

Влияние рода деятельности на темп старения убедительно показано во многих исследованиях, что позволяет оценивать различия в темпе старения работников, подверженных влиянию различных профессионально обусловленных факторов, условий, характера и интенсивности труда в отдельных профессиональных и стажевых группах. Такой показатель, как биологический возраст (БВ), адекватно отражает состояние здоровья организма и может служить для предсказания эффективности трудовой деятельности человека. Как интегральный показатель, он может помочь в выявлении лиц, подверженных риску возрастных расстройств, служащих мерой относительной пригодности и прогнозирования инвалидности в дальнейшей жизни, и смертности, независимо от хронологического возраста. 

В статье представлен обзор основных методов измерения скорости старения на основе биомаркеров, таких как функциональные («Киевская модель», WAI) и молекулярно-генетические биомаркеры (определение длины теломер, активности фермента β-галактозидазы) старения человека, применимые в медицине труда. В обзоре обсуждаются основные требования к составлению наборов биомаркеров, применимость и достоверность методик, затрагиваются математические подходы к вычислению биологического возраста, а также некоторые проблемы, возникающие при вычислении биологического возраста работников. Это позволяет предположить большой потенциал использования БВ для оценки влияния условий и характера труда на темпы старения работников с целью предупреждения нетрудоспособности и повышения качества жизни людей.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Каримов Д.Д. — концепция и дизайн обзора, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи;Кудояров Э.Р., Мухаммадиева Г.Ф., Зиатдинова М.М., Байгильдин С.С., Якупова Т.Г. — сбор и обработка данных, написание текста.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

Поступила

Поступила: 29.04.2021 / Принята к печати: 28.09.2021 / Опубликована: 30.11.2021

Aging is an individual, complex biological process, modulated by internal and external factors, characterized by a progressive loss of biological / physiological integrity, which leads to body dysfunction, increases vulnerability and death. 

Influence of activity type on aging rate has been convincingly shown in many studies, which makes it possible assess differences in aging rate of workers, exposed various occupational factors, conditions, work nature and intensity in certain professional and seniority groups, adequately reflects health state and can predict effectiveness of human labor activity. As integral indicator, it can help identify individuals at risk of age-related disorders, serving as a measure of relative fitness and predicting later life disability and mortality, regardless of chronological age. 

The article provides an overview of the main measuring ageing rate methods based on biomarkers, such as functional (“Kiev model”, WAI) and molecular genetic biomarkers (determination of telomere length, β-galactosidase enzyme activity) of human ageing, applicable in occupational medicine. The review discusses the main requirements for biomarker sets compilation, methods applicability and reliability, mathematical approaches to biological age calculating, and some workers biological age calculating problems. This allows assuming the great potential for using biological age to assess the impact of working conditions and work nature on workers’ ageing rate to prevent disability and improve quality of life.

Contribution

Contribution: Karimov D.D. — concept of the study, editing, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;Kudoyarov E.R., Mukhammadiyeva G.F., Ziatdinova M.M., Baigildin S.S., Yakupova T.G. — collection and processing of material, writing text. 

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received

Received: April 29, 2021 / Accepted: September 28, 2021 / Published: November 30, 2021

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.