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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-12-1391-1396</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-1880</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНА ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Уровни внешней экспозиции и содержание фторидов в моче работников при электролизе алюминия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>External exposure levels and fluoride content in the urine of workers at aluminium electrolysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8740-3133</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаяхметов</surname><given-names>Салим Файзыевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shayakhmetov</surname><given-names>Salim F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, вед. науч. сотр. Восточно-Сибирского института медико-экологических исследований, 6657827, Ангарск.</p><p>e-mail: salimf53@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., professor, leading researcher of the Laboratory of analytical ecotoxicology and biomonitoring of the East-Siberian institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: salimf53@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">salimf53@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7848-6432</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меринов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merinov</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0876-2304</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лисецкая</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lisetskaya</surname><given-names>Lyudmila G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9772-0199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мещакова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meschakova</surname><given-names>Nina M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2536-1550</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рукавишников</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rukavishnikov</surname><given-names>Victor S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1391</fpage><lpage>1396</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шаяхметов С.Ф., Меринов А.В., Лисецкая Л.Г., Мещакова Н.М., Рукавишников В.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаяхметов С.Ф., Меринов А.В., Лисецкая Л.Г., Мещакова Н.М., Рукавишников В.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shayakhmetov S.F., Merinov A.V., Lisetskaya L.G., Meschakova N.M., Rukavishnikov V.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1880">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1880</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В условиях широкомасштабной модернизации и интенсификации производства алюминия становится актуальной оценка реальных фтористых нагрузок и основных факторов, определяющих профессиональное воздействие фторидов на работников для анализа риска для здоровья.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Выполнены мониторинговые исследования содержания гидрофторида и аэрозолей фтористых солей в воздухе электролизных цехов при традиционной и модернизированной технологиях получения алюминия, а также фтора в моче у 108 работников основных профессий и 35 человек контрольной группы. Определение концентрации фторидов проводили фотометрическим, а фтора в моче  ионометрическим методами.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Суммарные концентрации фтористых соединений в воздухе модернизированных цехов были в 1,4–2,1 раза ниже значений в традиционных цехах. Содержание фтора в моче у работников данных цехов составляло от 0,8 до 4,7 мг/л, превышая в 1,1–6,7 раза уровень контрольной группы и в 1,1–2,3 раза предельное значение биологического индекса экспозиции. Наибольшие внешние и внутренние нагрузки фторидов и связанный с ним риск для здоровья обнаружены у работников, занятых обслуживанием электролизёров и анодов. Выявлена более тесная заметная (r = 0,644) корреляционная связь между содержанием фтора в моче и уровнями газообразного гидрофторида в воздухе, свидетельствующая о его преобладающем воздействии на работников по сравнению с другими детерминантами (суммарная концентрация фторидов, стаж, возраст).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты проведённых исследований свидетельствуют о высокой дополнительной информативной ценности и надёжности биомониторинга содержания фтора в моче, который в сочетании с анализом загрязнённости воздуха фторидами даёт полную объективную оценку риска воздействия на работников. Наличие высоких уровней гидрофторида в воздушной среде электролизных цехов формирует более высокий профессиональный риск нарушения здоровья работников.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: </p></sec><sec><title>Шаяхметов С</title><p>Шаяхметов С.Ф. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста;</p></sec><sec><title>Меринов А</title><p>Меринов А.В. — сбор материала и обработка данных, статистическая обработка;</p></sec><sec><title>Лисецкая Л</title><p>Лисецкая Л.Г. — сбор материала и обработка данных;</p></sec><sec><title>Мещакова Н</title><p>Мещакова Н.М. — сбор данных литературы;</p></sec><sec><title>Рукавишников В</title><p>Рукавишников В.С. — редактирование.</p><p>Все авторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Работа выполнена в рамках средств, выделяемых для выполнения государственного задания ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 02.08.2021 / Принята к печати: 25.11.2021 / Опубликована: 30.12.2021</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. In the context of large-scale modernization and intensification of aluminium production, it becomes relevant to assess the actual fluoride loads and the main factors that determine the occupational exposure of workers to fluorides for health risk analysis. </p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Monitoring studies of the content of hydrofluoride and aerosols of fluoride salts in the air of electrolysis shops were carried out with traditional and modernized technologies for producing aluminium and fluorine in urine in 108 workers of the primary professions and 35 people in the control group. Determination of the concentration of fluorides was carried out by photometric methods, and fluorine in urine — by ionometric methods. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The total concentration of fluoride compounds in the air of the modernized shops was 1.4-2.1 times lower than the values in traditional shops. The fluoride content in the urine of workers in these workshops ranged from 0.8 to 4.7 mg/l, 1.1-6.7 times higher than the level of the control group and 1.1-2.3 times the limit value of the biological exposure index. The highest external and internal fluoride loads and associated health risks are found in workers who maintain electrolyzers and anodes. A closer, noticeable (r = 0.644) correlation was found between the content of fluoride in urine and the levels of gaseous hydrofluoride in the air, indicating its predominant effect on workers compared to other determinants (total concentration of fluorides, seniority and age). </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The studies’ results indicate a high additional informative value and reliability of biomonitoring of fluoride in urine, which, combined with analysis of air pollution with fluorides, provides a completely objective assessment of the risk of exposure to workers. The presence of high levels of hydrofluoride in the air of electrolysis shops creates a higher occupational health risk for workers.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: </p></sec><sec><title>Shayakhmetov S</title><p>Shayakhmetov S.F. — the concept and design of the study, writing a text;</p></sec><sec><title>Merinov A</title><p>Merinov A.V. — collection and processing of material, statistical processing; </p></sec><sec><title>Lisetskaya L</title><p>Lisetskaya L.G. — collection and processing of material;</p></sec><sec><title>Meshchakova N</title><p>Meshchakova N.M. — a collection of literature data;</p></sec><sec><title>Rukavishnikov V</title><p>Rukavishnikov V.S. — editing the article.</p><p>All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. Financing of the work was carried out at the expense of funds allocated for the state assignment of the East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: August 2, 2021 / Accepted: November 25, 2021 / Published: December 30, 2021</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гидрофторид</kwd><kwd>фтористые соли</kwd><kwd>воздух рабочей зоны</kwd><kwd>моча</kwd><kwd>производство алюминия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hydrofluoride</kwd><kwd>fluoride salts</kwd><kwd>working area air</kwd><kwd>urine</kwd><kwd>aluminium production</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сокур О.В., Чеботарев А.Г., Дурягин И.Н. 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