<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-12-1462-1466</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-1891</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности и закономерности изменений нейрохимических показателей на разных этапах хронической интоксикации ртутью</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features and patterns of changes in neurochemical parameters at different stages of chronic mercury intoxication</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5608-0818</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудаева</surname><given-names>Ирина Валерьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudaeva</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, доцент, зам. директора по научной работе, зав. КДЛ, ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований».</p><p>e-mail: kudaeva_irina@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., associate professor, Deputy Director for scientific work, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research,</p><p>e-mail: kudaeva_irina@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kudaeva_irina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2536-1550</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рукавишников</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rukavishnikov</surname><given-names>Viktor S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0013-8013</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лахман</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lakhman</surname><given-names>Oleg L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1462</fpage><lpage>1466</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кудаева И.В., Рукавишников В.С., Лахман О.Л., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кудаева И.В., Рукавишников В.С., Лахман О.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kudaeva I.V., Rukavishnikov V.S., Lakhman O.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1891">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1891</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В настоящее время остаются недостаточно изученными особенности клинической картины и патогенез формирования и прогрессирования хронической интоксикации при воздействии ртути (ХРИ).</p><p>Цель работы — изучить особенности и закономерности изменения концентрации нейротрансмиттеров и нейротрофических факторов на разных этапах ХРИ.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено когортное обследование 69 стажированных работников (группа 1), экспонированных ртутью; 18 лиц в начальном периоде ХРИ (группа 2) и 55 пациентов в отдалённом периоде (группа 3). Определяли содержание нейромедиаторов и нейротрофических факторов методом иммуноферментного анализа. В статистическую обработку включали тесты Вилкоксона, Краскела–Уоллиса и Манна–Уитни.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлены более высокие уровни гистамина во 2-й группе, низкие — метанефрина в 1-й группе, а норметанефрина — в 3-й группе. Выявлено повышение концентрации нейротрофического фактора мозга (BDNF) во 2-й группе по сравнению с 1-й и 3-й группами. Содержание нейротропина-3 в 3-й группе было статистически значимо ниже, чем во 2-й.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Общей закономерностью для всех стадий является увеличение концентрации норадреналина и цилиарного (глиального) нейротрофического фактора (CNTF). Ртутная нейроинтоксикация на всех этапах характеризуется высоким уровнем серотонина. Отличительной особенностью для стажированных рабочих является компенсаторное увеличение уровня норметанефрина и низкий уровень BDNF и нейротрофина-3 (NT-3). Для начального периода ХРИ характерно повышение содержания гистамина, BDNF и NT-3. Отдалённый период характеризуется дисбалансом концентрации изучаемых нейромедиаторов и нейротрофических факторов.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: </p></sec><sec><title>Кудаева И</title><p>Кудаева И.В. — сбор и обработка материала, статистическая обработка, написание текста; редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи;</p></sec><sec><title>Рукавишников В</title><p>Рукавишников В.С. — концепция и дизайн исследования;</p></sec><sec><title>Лахман О</title><p>Лахман О.Л. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, редактирование.</p></sec><sec><title>Благодарности</title><p>Благодарности. Авторы выражают глубокую благодарность врачам клиники и сотрудникам лаборатории иммунобиохимических и молекулярно-генетических исследований за длительное и плодотворное сотрудничество по теме исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 04.10.2021 / Принята к печати: 25.11.2021 / Опубликована: 30.12.2021</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. At present, the features of the clinical picture and pathogenesis of the formation and progression of chronic intoxication under the influence of mercury remain insufficiently studied. </p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose. To study the features and patterns of changes in the neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors concentration at different stages of chronic mercury intoxication (CMI). </p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A cohort examination of 69 workers (group 1) exposed to mercury, 18 individuals in the initial period of CMI (group 2), and 55 patients in the long-term period (group 3) were carried out. The content of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors was determined by enzyme immunoassay. The statistical processing included Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Higher levels of histamine were found in group 2, low levels of metanephrine in group 1, and normetanephrine in group 3. An increase in the BDNF concentration was revealed in group 2 compared with groups 1 and 3. The content of neurotrophin-3 in group 3 was statistically significantly lower than in group 2. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The general pattern for all stages is an increase in the norepinephrine and CNTF concentration. Mercury neurointoxication at all stages is characterized by high serotonin levels. A distinctive feature for trained workers is a compensatory increase in the normetanephrine level and a low BDNF and NT-3. For the initial period of CMI, an increase in the histamine, BDNF and NT-3 content is characteristic. The long-term period is characterized by an imbalance in the concentration of the studied neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: </p></sec><sec><title>Kudaeva I</title><p>Kudaeva I.V. — collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing text, editing.</p></sec><sec><title>Rukavishnikov V</title><p>Rukavishnikov V.S. — concept and design of the study.</p></sec><sec><title>Lakhman O</title><p>Lakhman O.L. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, editing.</p><p>All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship. The authors express their deep gratitude to the doctors of the clinic and the staff of the laboratory of biochemical and molecular genetic research for long-term and fruitful cooperation on the research topic.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: October 4, 2021 / Accepted: November 25, 2021 / Published: December 30, 2021</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ртуть</kwd><kwd>нейроинтоксикация</kwd><kwd>BDNF</kwd><kwd>CNTF</kwd><kwd>NT-3</kwd><kwd>катехоламины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mercury</kwd><kwd>neurointoxication</kwd><kwd>BDNF</kwd><kwd>CNTF</kwd><kwd>NT-3</kwd><kwd>catecholamines</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doering S., Bose-O’Reilly S., Berger U. Essential indicators identifying chronic inorganic mercury intoxication: Pooled analysis across multiple cross-sectional studies. PLoS One. 2016; 11(8): e0160323. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160323</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doering S., Bose-O’Reilly S., Berger U. Essential indicators identifying chronic inorganic mercury intoxication: Pooled analysis across multiple cross-sectional studies. PLoS One. 2016; 11(8): e0160323. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160323</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Santos-Sacramento L., Arrifano G.P., Lopes-Araújo A., Augusto-Oliveira M., Albuquerque-Santos R., Takeda P.Y., et al. Human neurotoxicity of mercury in the Amazon: A scoping review with insights and critical considerations. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2021; 208: 111686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111686</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Santos-Sacramento L., Arrifano G.P., Lopes-Araújo A., Augusto-Oliveira M., Albuquerque-Santos R., Takeda P.Y., et al. Human neurotoxicity of mercury in the Amazon: A scoping review with insights and critical considerations. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2021; 208: 111686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111686</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carrillo-de Sauvage M.A., Flament J., Bramoulle Y., Ben Haim L., Guillermier M., Berniard A., et al. The neuroprotective agent CNTF decreases neuronal metabolites in the rat striatum: an in vivo multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 2015; 35(6): 917-21. https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2015.48</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carrillo-de Sauvage M.A., Flament J., Bramoulle Y., Ben Haim L., Guillermier M., Berniard A., et al. The neuroprotective agent CNTF decreases neuronal metabolites in the rat striatum: an in vivo multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 2015; 35(6): 917–21. https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2015.48</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Linnerbauer M., Rothhammer V. Protective functions of reactive astrocytes following central nervous system insult. Front. Immunol. 2020; 11: 573256. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.573256</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Linnerbauer M., Rothhammer V. Protective functions of reactive astrocytes following central nervous system insult. Front. Immunol. 2020; 11: 573256. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.573256</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen S.D., Wu C.L., Hwang W.C., Yang D.I. More Insight into BDNF against Neurodegeneration: Anti-Apoptosis, Anti-Oxidation, and Suppression of Autophagy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017; 18(3): 545. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18030545</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen S.D., Wu C.L., Hwang W.C., Yang D.I. More Insight into BDNF against Neurodegeneration: Anti-Apoptosis, Anti-Oxidation, and Suppression of Autophagy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017; 18(3): 545. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18030545</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang W., Cui X., Gao Y., Sun L., Wang J., Yang Y. et al. Role of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) on arsenic-induced neuronal apoptosis. Chemosphere. 2019; 215: 925-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.100</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang W., Cui X., Gao Y., Sun L., Wang J., Yang Y. et al. Role of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) on arsenic-induced neuronal apoptosis. Chemosphere. 2019; 215: 925–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.100</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соседова Л.М., Кудаева И.В., Титов Е.А., Якимова Н.Л., Маснавиева Л.Б., Катаманова Е.В. Морфологические и нейрохимические эффекты в отдаленном периоде ртутной интоксикации (экспериментальные данные). Медицина труда и промышленная экология. 2009; (1): 37-42</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sosedova L.M., Kudaeva I.V., Titov E.A., Yakimova N.L., Masnavieva L.B., Katamanova E.V. Morphologic and neurochemical effects in long-term period of mercurial intoxication (experimental data). Meditsina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya. 2009; (1): 37–42. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou C.C., Fu H., Zhang G.Y., Ma J.W., Ni M., Li D.J., et al. Effects of low-level mercury exposure on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in preschool children. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2021; 208: 111642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111642</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou C.C., Fu H., Zhang G.Y., Ma J.W., Ni M., Li D.J., et al. Effects of low-level mercury exposure on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in preschool children. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2021; 208: 111642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111642</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zaw Y.H., Taneepanichskul N. Blood heavy metals and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the first trimester of pregnancy among migrant workers. PLoS One. 2019; 14(6): e0218409. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218409</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaw Y.H., Taneepanichskul N. Blood heavy metals and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the first trimester of pregnancy among migrant workers. PLoS One. 2019; 14(6): e0218409. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218409</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li A.M., Chan M.H., Leung T.F., Cheung R.C., Lam C.W., Fok T.F. Mercury intoxication presenting with tics. Arch. Dis. Child. 2000; 83(2): 174-5. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.83.2.174</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li A.M., Chan M.H., Leung T.F., Cheung R.C., Lam C.W., Fok T.F. Mercury intoxication presenting with tics. Arch. Dis. Child. 2000; 83(2): 174–5. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.83.2.174</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колесов В.Г., Мещерягин В.А., Лахман О.Л., Шевченко О.И. Психопатологические проявления отдаленного периода профессиональных нейроинтоксикаций. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2005; 105(1): 25-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolesov V.G., Meshcheryagin V.A., Lakhman O.L., Shevchenko O.I. Late psychopathological manifestation of professional neurointoxications. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2005; 105(1): 25–38. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кудаева И.В., Дьякович О.А., Катаманова Е.В., Попкова О.В., Маснавиева Л.Б. Клинико-биохимическая характеристика нарушений нервной системы и риски основных общепатологических синдромов у работающих на ртутном производстве. Гигиена и санитария. 2015; 94(7): 68-72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kudaeva I.V., Dyakovich O.A., Katamanova E.V., Popkova O.V., Masnavieva L.B. Clinical and biochemical characteristics of disorders of the nervous system and the risks of common pathological syndromes in mercury production workers. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2015; 94(7): 68–72. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Monnet-Tschudi F., Zurich M.G., Boschat C., Corbaz A., Honegger P. Involvement of environmental mercury and lead in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Rev. Environ. Health. 2006; 21(2): 105-17. https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh.2006.21.2.105</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monnet-Tschudi F., Zurich M.G., Boschat C., Corbaz A., Honegger P. Involvement of environmental mercury and lead in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Rev. Environ. Health. 2006; 21(2): 105–17. https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh.2006.21.2.105</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moiseyenko Y.V., Sukhorukov V.I., Pyshnov G.Y., Mankovska I.M., Rozova K.V., Miroshnychenko O.A., et al. Antarctica challenges the new horizons in predictive, preventive, personalized medicine: preliminary results and attractive hypotheses for multi-disciplinary prospective studies in the Ukrainian “Akademik Vernadsky” station. EPMA J. 2016; 7(1): 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13167-016-0060-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moiseyenko Y.V., Sukhorukov V.I., Pyshnov G.Y., Mankovska I.M., Rozova K.V., Miroshnychenko O.A., et al. Antarctica challenges the new horizons in predictive, preventive, personalized medicine: preliminary results and attractive hypotheses for multi-disciplinary prospective studies in the Ukrainian “Akademik Vernadsky” station. EPMA J. 2016; 7(1): 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13167-016-0060-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marien M.R., Colpaert F.C., Rosenquist A.C. Noradrenergic mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases: a theory. Brain Res. Rev. 2004; 45(1): 38-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.02.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marien M.R., Colpaert F.C., Rosenquist A.C. Noradrenergic mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases: a theory. Brain Res. Rev. 2004; 45(1): 38–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.02.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ryding E., Lindström M., Träskman-Bendz L. The role of dopamine and serotonin in suicidal behaviour and aggression. Prog. Brain Res. 2008; 172: 307-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00915-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryding E., Lindström M., Träskman-Bendz L. The role of dopamine and serotonin in suicidal behaviour and aggression. Prog. Brain Res. 2008; 172: 307–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00915-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang-James Y., Faraone S.V. Genetic architecture for human aggression: A study of gene-phenotype relationship in OMIM. Am J. Med. Genet B. Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 2016; 171(5): 641-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32363</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang-James Y., Faraone S.V. Genetic architecture for human aggression: A study of gene-phenotype relationship in OMIM. Am J. Med. Genet B. Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 2016; 171(5): 641–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32363</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Доведова Е.Л. Активность дофаминергической системы мозга при введении экзогенного ДОФА. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2008; 108(9): 73-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dovedova E.L. Brain dopaminergic activity in response to exogenous DOPA. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2008; 108(9): 73–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Головко А.И. Нейротрофические факторы головного мозга. Нейрохимические и наркологические аспекты. Нейрохимия. 2008; 25(4): 261-71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golovko A.I. Brain neurotrophic factors. Neurochemical and narcological aspects. Neyrokhimiya. 2008; 25(4): 261–71. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tatagiba M., Rosahl S., Blömer U., Gharabaghi A., Böhme M., Samii M. Neurotropin-3 and spinal ganglion neurons. J. Neurosurg. 2001; 94(1): 147-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tatagiba M., Rosahl S., Blömer U., Gharabaghi A., Böhme M., Samii M. Neurotropin-3 and spinal ganglion neurons. J. Neurosurg. 2001; 94(1): 147–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chourbaji S., Brandwein C., Gass P. Altering BDNF expression by genetics and/or environment. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2011; 35(3): 599-611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.07.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chourbaji S., Brandwein C., Gass P. Altering BDNF expression by genetics and/or environment. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2011; 35(3): 599–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.07.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang E., Liao P. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor. J. Neurosci. Res. 2020; 98(3): 537-48. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24510</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang E., Liao P. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor. J. Neurosci. Res. 2020; 98(3): 537–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24510</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gioiosa L., Iannitelli A., Aloe L. Stress, anxiety and schizophrenia and neurotrophic factors: the pioneer studies with nerve growth factor. Riv. Psichiatr. 2009; 44(2): 88-94. https://doi.org/10.1708/420.4978</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gioiosa L., Iannitelli A., Aloe L. Stress, anxiety and schizophrenia and neurotrophic factors: the pioneer studies with nerve growth factor. Riv. Psichiatr. 2009; 44(2): 88–94. https://doi.org/10.1708/420.4978</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mendell L.M., Munson J.B., Arvanian V.L. Neurotrophins and synaptic plasticity in the mammalian spinal cord. J. Physiol. 2001; 533(Pt. 1): 91-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0091b.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mendell L.M., Munson J.B., Arvanian V.L. Neurotrophins and synaptic plasticity in the mammalian spinal cord. J. Physiol. 2001; 533(Pt. 1): 91–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0091b.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arvanian V. Role of neurotrophins in spinal plasticity and locomotion. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2013; 19(24): 4509-16. https://doi.org/10.2174/13816128113199990378</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arvanian V. Role of neurotrophins in spinal plasticity and locomotion. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2013; 19(24): 4509–16. https://doi.org/10.2174/13816128113199990378</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бородинова А.А., Соложин С.В. Различия биологических функций BDNF и proBDNF в центральной нервной системе. Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова. 2016; 66(1): 3-23. https://doi.org/10.7868/S0044467716010044</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borodinova A.A., Solozhin S.V. Diversity of proBDNF and mBDNF functions in the central nervous system. Zhurnal vysshey nervnoy deyatel’nosti im. I.P. Pavlova. 2016; 66(1): 3–23. https://doi.org/10.7868/S0044467716010044 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tzeng S.F., Huang H.Y. Downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthetase by neurotrophin-3 in microglia. J. Cell Biochem. 2003; 90(2): 227-33. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.10658</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tzeng S.F., Huang H.Y. Downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthetase by neurotrophin-3 in microglia. J. Cell Biochem. 2003; 90(2): 227–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.10658</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кудаева И.В., Попкова О.В. Оксид азота как возможная мишень патогенетической терапии при нейроинтоксикациях производственными факторами. Бюллетень Восточно-Сибирского научного центра Сибирского отделения Российской академии медицинских наук. 2012; (5-2): 34-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kudaeva I.V., Popkova O.V. Nitric oxide as a possible target of pathogenetic therapy at the neurointoxication by industrial factors. Byulleten’ Vostochno-Sibirskogo nauchnogo tsentra Sibirskogo otdeleniya Rossiyskoy akademii meditsinskikh nauk. 2012; (5–2): 34–8. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gu Y.L., Gao G.Q., Ma N., Ye L.L., Zhang L.W., Gao X., et all. CNTF protects neurons from hypoxic injury through the activation of STAT3pTyr705. Int. J. Mol. Med. 2016; 38(6): 1915-21. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2769</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gu Y.L., Gao G.Q., Ma N., Ye L.L., Zhang L.W., Gao X., et all. CNTF protects neurons from hypoxic injury through the activation of STAT3pTyr705. Int. J. Mol. Med. 2016; 38(6): 1915–21. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2769</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sendtner M., Carroll P., Holtmann B., Hughes R.A., Thoenen H. Ciliary neurotrophic factor. J. Neurobiol. 1994; 25(11): 1436-53. https://doi.org/10.1002/neu.480251110</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sendtner M., Carroll P., Holtmann B., Hughes R.A., Thoenen H. Ciliary neurotrophic factor. J. Neurobiol. 1994; 25(11): 1436–53. https://doi.org/10.1002/neu.480251110</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
