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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-1-6-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-1935</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>RGB-фототаксис Trichoplax (Placozoa) и кинезис его клеток</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Selective behavioral response of Trichoplax (Placozoa) to RGB-light stimuli</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3130-2592</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капцов</surname><given-names>Валерий Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaptsov</surname><given-names>Valery A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, руководитель отдела гигиены труда ФГУП «Всероссийский НИИ гигиены транспорта» Роспотребнадзора, 125438, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: kapcovva39@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Occupational Hygiene of the All-Russian Research Institute of Transport Hygiene All-Russian Research Institute of Transport Hygiene of Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Moscow, 125438, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: kapcovva39@mail.ru </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kapcovva39@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дейнего</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Deynego</surname><given-names>Vitaly N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козырицкий</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozyritsky</surname><given-names>Daniil V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГУП «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт гигиены транспорта» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Research Institute of Transport Hygiene of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ «Центр дополнительного образования "Малая академия наук"»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sevastopol Junior Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Капцов В.А., Дейнего В.Н., Козырицкий Д.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Капцов В.А., Дейнего В.Н., Козырицкий Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kaptsov V.A., Deynego V.N., Kozyritsky D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1935">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/1935</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Морское животное Trichoplax (Placozoa), имеющее простейшую организацию среди беспозвоночных, но со специфичным движением тела и его клеток, является модельным животным для изучения различных биофизических и химических процессов, реакций на внешние стимулы. В статьях специалистов ряда университетов в гипотетической и декларативной форме освещена проблема фототаксиса Trichoplax (Placozoa), но нет конкретных исследований по поведенческой реакции этого простейшего животного и его клеток на монохромные световые сигналы с разными длинами волн, которые характерны для его световой среды обитания на глубине от 5 до 20 м.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследования проводили на лабораторных животных Trichoplax spр. H2. Исследования поведенческой реакции Trichoplax выполняли с использованием современных методов оптической микроскопии: оптического микроскопа Nikon Eclipse Ts2R-Fl; оптических микроскопов Nikon SMZ-1270, Stemi 305; оптического микроскопа «Леонардо 3.0», специально разработанного под проект и позволяющего одновременно наблюдать поведение группы Trichoplax и каждого Trichoplax этой группы при низком уровне освещённости и стабильной температуре водной среды его обитания. В микроскопе были применены две веб-камеры – верхняя c матрицей 1,9 Мп и нижняя — 5 Мп.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Проведён теоретический анализ спектрального состава света и степени его поляризации в морской среде обитания простейшего многоклеточного животного Trichoplax (Placozoa), а также особенностей его генно-клеточного строения. Исходя из законов гидрооптики и стратегии выживания «пища — жертва» определены координатные оси световой среды для Trichoplax (световая вертикаль (395 нм) и две горизонтальные световые оси — отражённый горизонтальный свет от пищи (зелёный — 532 нм) и исходящий от арагонитового панциря хищника моллюска флуоресцентный свет (красный — 630 нм). На основании реакций животного на эти RGB-световые стимулы высказана и подтверждена гипотеза о наличии RGB-фототаксиса у Trichoplax и кинезиса его клеток. Для управления Trichoplax выбраны монохромные световые сигналы: красный (630 нм), зелёный (532 нм) и синий (395 нм).</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. При изучении Trichoplax (Placozoa) была исследована поведенческая реакция этого животного и его клеток на монохромные световые сигналы с разными длинами волн с использованием современных методов оптической микроскопии, позволяющими одновременно наблюдать поведение как группы Trichoplax, так и каждого животного этой группы при низком уровне освещённости и стабильной температуре водной среды его обитания.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Впервые с помощью световых сигналов проведено управление поведением Trichoplax и его клетками, а также доказано наличие у Trichoplax RGB-фототаксиса и кинезиса у его клеток. Открытие RGB-таксиса Trichoplax (Placozoa) изменяет сложившиеся научные представления в области эволюции цветного зрения у животных Trichoplax (Placozoa) и зрительного анализатора человека и функционирования его шишковидной железы. Представленный метод может использоваться в гигиенических исследованиях влияния внешних загрязнителей на окружающую среду, а также воздействия света на шишковидную железу человека.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:</p></sec><sec><title>Капцов В</title><p>Капцов В.А. — оценка корректности гипотезы, методики проведения эксперимента и обсуждение результатов;</p></sec><sec><title>Дейнего В</title><p>Дейнего В.Н. — обсуждение гипотезы на этапе её формирования, техническая помощь в подготовке оборудования, участие в экспериментах;</p></sec><sec><title>Козырицкий Д</title><p>Козырицкий Д.В. — выдвижение гипотезы и разработка оборудования, проведение эксперимента, формирование фильма по результатам эксперимента.</p><p>Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 11.03.2021 / Принята к печати: 25.11.2021 / Опубликована: 09.02.2022</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The marine animal Trichoplax (Placozoa), which has the animalcular organization among invertebrates, but with outstanding social behaviour and specific movement of the body and its cells, is a model animal for studying various biophysical and chemical processes, including responses to external stimuli. In the articles of specialists from many universities, the problem of Trichoplax phototaxis (Placozoa) is covered in a hypothetical and declarative form. However, there are no specific studies on the behavioural response of these protozoa and their cells to monochrome light signals with different wavelengths that are characteristic of its light habitat at a depth of 5 to 20 meters.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The studies were conducted on laboratory animals Trichoplax sp. H2. Studies of the behavioural response of Trichoplax were performed using modern methods of optical microscopy: Nikon Eclipse Ts2R-Fl Optical Microscope; optical microscopes: Nikon SMZ-1270, Stemi 305; An optical microscope “Leonardo 3.0“(specially designed for the project) allows simultaneously observing the behaviour of a group of Trichoplax and each Trichoplax of this group at a low level of illumination and a stable temperature of its aquatic habitat. Two web cameras were used in the microscope-the upper one with a 1.9 Mp matrix and the lower one — 5 Mp).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The theoretical analysis of the spectral composition of light and the degree of its polarization in the marine habitat of the protozoan multicellular animal Trichoplax (Placozoa) and the features of its gene-cell structure is carried out. Based on the laws of hydrooptics and the survival strategy (“food-prey”), the coordinate axes of the light-medium for Trichoplax are determined (the light vertical (395 nm) and two horizontal light axes — the reflected horizontal light from the food (green — 532 nm) and the fluorescent light coming from the aragonite shell of the predator mollusc (red — 630 nm). Based on the animal’s responses to these RGB light stimuli, the hypothesis of RGB phototaxis in Trichoplax and the kinesis of its cells was expressed and confirmed. The monochrome light signals red — 630 nm, green — 532 nm and blue — 395 nm are selected for Trichoplax control.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations of the study</title><p>Limitations of the study. In the study of Trichoplax (Placozoa), the behavioural response of this animal and its cells to monochrome light signals with different wavelengths was studied using modern optical microscopy methods, which make it possible to simultaneously observe the behaviour of both the Trichoplax group and each animal of this group at a low level of illumination and stable temperature of its aquatic environment.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. For the first time, the behaviour of Trichoplax and its cells was controlled using light signals, and the presence of RGB phototaxis and kinesis in its cells was also proved in Trichoplax. The discovery of the RGB-taxis Trichoplax (Placozoa) changed the established scientific ideas in the evolution of colour vision in animals Trichoplax (Placozoa) and the human visual analyzer functioning of its pineal gland. The presented method can be used in hygienic studies of the influence of external pollutants on the environment and the effect of light on the human pineal gland.</p></sec><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions:</p></sec><sec><title>Kaptsov V</title><p>Kaptsov V.A. — Assessment of the correctness of the hypothesis and the methodology of the experiment and discussion of the results;</p></sec><sec><title>Deinego V</title><p>Deinego V.N. — Discussion of the hypothesis at the stage of its formation. Technical assistance in the preparation of equipment, participation in experiments;</p></sec><sec><title>Kozyritsky D</title><p>Kozyritsky D.V. — Hypothesizing and developing equipment, experimenting, forming a film based on the experiment results.</p><p>All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. </p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: March 11, 2021 / Accepted: November 25, 2021 / Published: February 09, 2022</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>световые стимулы</kwd><kwd>Trichoplax</kwd><kwd>кристаллические клетки</kwd><kwd>арагонит</kwd><kwd>шишковидная железа</kwd><kwd>кристаллы кальцита</kwd><kwd>фототаксис</kwd><kwd>триптофан</kwd><kwd>серотонин</kwd><kwd>нейропептидная сеть</kwd><kwd>циркадные ритмы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>light stimuli</kwd><kwd>Trichoplax</kwd><kwd>crystal cells</kwd><kwd>aragonite</kwd><kwd>pineal gland</kwd><kwd>calcite crystals</kwd><kwd>phototaxis</kwd><kwd>tryptophan</kwd><kwd>serotonin</kwd><kwd>neuropeptide network</kwd><kwd>circadian rhythms</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schierwater B., DeSalle R. Placozoa. Curr. 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