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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-2-145-151</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-200</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка антропогенной инвазии микроскопических грибов в арктические экосистемы (архипелаг Шпицберген)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of anthropogenic invasion of microfungi in Arctic ecosystems (exemplified by Spitsbergen archipelago)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4736-2485</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирцидели</surname><given-names>Ирина Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirtsideli</surname><given-names>Irina Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории отдела микологии Ботанического института им. В.Л. Комарова РАН, 197376, Санкт-Петербург.</p><p>e-mail: microfungi@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSci., leading researcher of the Mycology department of V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: microfungi@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">microfungi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0455-1462</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3588-8583</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеленская</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zelenskaya</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1031-7661</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильюшин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iliushin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8875-2263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новожилов</surname><given-names>Ю. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novozhilov</surname><given-names>Yu. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9259-7152</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чуркина</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Churkina</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4800-3345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранцевич</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barantsevich</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН Ботанический институт имени В.Л. Комарова Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН Ботанический институт имени В.Л. Комарова Российской академии наук; ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Saint-Petersburg State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный федеральный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western Almazov Federal Medical Research Center of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>99</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>145</fpage><lpage>151</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кирцидели И.Ю., Власов Д.Ю., Зеленская М.С., Ильюшин В.А., Новожилов Ю.К., Чуркина И.В., Баранцевич Е.П., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кирцидели И.Ю., Власов Д.Ю., Зеленская М.С., Ильюшин В.А., Новожилов Ю.К., Чуркина И.В., Баранцевич Е.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kirtsideli I.Y., Vlasov D.Y., Zelenskaya M.S., Iliushin V.A., Novozhilov Y.K., Churkina I.V., Barantsevich E.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/200">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/200</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Изменение микробных сообществ в полярных регионах является отражением происходящих климатических изменений и может служить одним из показателей состояния арктических экосистем. Целью данной работы было изучение микобиоты, развивающейся на антропогенных материалах, в почве и воздушной среде в пос. Баренцбург (архипелаг Шпицберген), для оценки распространения инвазивных видов и выявления условно патогенных микромицетов. </p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Материал для исследования был собран в период 2017-2018 гг. в ходе выполнения научно-исследовательских работ российской арктический экспедиции ААНИИ в районе пос. Баренцбург (расположенном на 78° с.ш, 14° в.д.) на арх. Шпицберген. Выделение микромицетов проводилось стандартными микробиологическими методами. Идентификацию микромицетов проводили по культурально-морфологическим признакам и по результатам секвенирования изолятов по регионам ITS1 и ITS2. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В результате исследований установлен высокий уровень биологической колонизации антропогенных субстратов, выявлены места накопления условно патогенных микроорганизмов. Было идентифицировано 24 вида микромицетов из образцов антропогенных материалов, 46 видов из аэромикоты и 43 вида из почв региона. Доминирующим по числу видов оказался род Penicillium (12 видов), за которым следуют Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Cadophora (по 3 вида). Антропогенное воздействие приводит к изменению видового состава, структуры и других характеристик комплексов микроскопических грибов на материалах, в аэромикоте и почвах арктических территорий. Для нарушенных экосистем установлено: 1) изменение структуры комплексов микромицетов и увеличение численности микроскопических грибов в аэромикоте и почве, 2) формирование аэромикоты происходит частично за счёт интродуцированных видов, 3) доминирование тёмноокрашенных грибов на антропогенных материалах, 4) среди микромицетов-интродуцентов значительную долю составили виды, являющиеся условными патогенами человека, 5) интродуцированные виды способны адаптироваться к арктическим условиям. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. На примере пос. Баренцбург (арх. Шпицберген) показано, что антропогенное воздействие приводит к изменению основных характеристик комплексов микроскопических грибов арктических территорий.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The aim of this work was to study the mycobiota of anthropogenic materials, soil and air in the settlement Barentsburg (Spitsbergen archipelago), to assess the spread of invasive species and to identify potentially pathogenic microfungi. </p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The material for the study was collected in the period of research work of the Russian expedition of the AARI (2017-2018) in the area of the settlement Barentsburg (located at 78° N, 14° E). Isolation and identification of microfungi were carried out using standard microbiological methods according to cultural and morphological characteristics and sequencing in the ITS1 and ITS2 regions. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. As a result of the research, a high level of microbiological colonization of anthropogenic substrates has been established, the places of accumulation of potentially pathogenic microorganisms were found out. 24 species of microfungi were identified from anthropogenic materials, 46 and 43 species from aeromycota and the soils of the observed territory. The genus Penicillium (12 species) prevailed by the number of species, followed by Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Cadophora (3 species each). For disturbed ecosystems the following peculiarities have been established: 1) a change in the structure of microfungi complexes and increase in the CFU number of microfungi at aeromycota and soil, 2) aeromycota formation occurs partly due to introduced species, 3) a clear dominance of dark-colored fungi on anthropogenic materials, 4) among the introduced microfungi a significant proportion were destructors of the materials as well as potentially human pathogens; 5) introduced species are able to adapt to arctic conditions. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. On the example of the village of Barentsburg (arch. Svalbard) it is shown that anthropogenic impact leads to changes in the main characteristics of microscopic fungi complexes in the Arctic territories.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микобиота</kwd><kwd>микробные сообщества</kwd><kwd>Арктика</kwd><kwd>антропогенное влияние</kwd><kwd>антропогенные субстраты</kwd><kwd>почва</kwd><kwd>аэромикота</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microbial communities</kwd><kwd>mycobiota</kwd><kwd>Arctic</kwd><kwd>anthropogenic influence</kwd><kwd>anthropogenic substrates</kwd><kwd>soil</kwd><kwd>aeromycota</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">AMAP Arctic pollution 2006. Oslo: Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme; 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">AMAP Arctic pollution 2006. 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