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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-2-174-179</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-2011</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНА ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Риск многократного применения противогазных фильтров респираторов (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The risk of multiple uses of respirator gas filters (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3130-2592</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капцов</surname><given-names>Валерий Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaptsov</surname><given-names>Valery A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН, руководитель отдела гигиены труда ФГУП «ВНИИ гигиены транспорта Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека», 125438, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: kaptsovva@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD., PhD, DSci., professor, RAS corresponding member, Head of Occupational Health Department, All-Russian Research Institute Hygiene of Transport the Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare, Moscow, 125438, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: kaptsovva39@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaptsovva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3035-4710</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панкова</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pankova</surname><given-names>Vera B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3661-8323</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чиркин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chirkin</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГУП «всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт гигиены транспорта» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Research Institute Hygiene of Transport the Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Бета ПРО»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC Beta PRO</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>174</fpage><lpage>179</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Капцов В.А., Панкова В.Б., Чиркин А.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Капцов В.А., Панкова В.Б., Чиркин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kaptsov V.A., Pankova V.B., Chirkin A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2011">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2011</self-uri><abstract><p>При защите работников от чрезмерного воздействия воздушных загрязнений, находящихся в газообразном состоянии, с помощью фильтрующих средств индивидуальной защиты органов дыхания (СИЗОД) их эффективность определяется в том числе своевременной заменой фильтров, поскольку срок службы любого фильтра ограничен. Если срок службы превышает продолжительность работы в загрязнённой атмосфере, фильтр может использоваться неоднократно. Но во время хранения накопленные в нём токсичные вещества могут десорбироваться и мигрировать к отверстию для выхода очищенного воздуха так, что сам фильтр может стать источником опасности. Риск зависит от свойств газа и фильтра, количества накопленного вредного вещества, длительности и условий хранения. Поскольку субъективная реакция органов чувств работника оказалась ненадёжным критерием оценки срока службы фильтра, её запретили использовать для этой цели (и при однократном, и при неоднократном применении фильтров).</p><p>При подготовке настоящего обзора были использованы публикации Journal of the ISRP; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); US Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA), Taylor &amp; Francis, Springer, Oxford University Press; законодательные документы развитых стран, регламентирующие требования к применению СИЗОД; учебники и другие официальные источники.</p><p>Описаны немногочисленные научные исследования десорбции газов во время хранения фильтров, показывающие, что десорбция в опасной степени возможна при защите не только от органических соединений с низкой температурой кипения (Тк) (до 65 °С), но и при большей Тк, а также при защите от некоторых неорганических веществ. Показано сильное несоответствие между небольшим объёмом доступной научной информации и многообразием возможных ситуаций, в которых работник потенциально подвергается опасности из-за десорбции.</p><p>К настоящему моменту для профилактики отравлений работников используют запрет на применение фильтров более одной смены при защите от легко десорбирующихся веществ; запрет неоднократного использования без разрешения изготовителя фильтров; ограничение длительности применения фильтров. Также рекомендуется при большом непрерывном сроке службы фильтров (более суток) ограничить их использование так, чтобы продолжительность применения (включая период хранения) не превышала срок службы.</p><p>Описаны математические модели для прогнозирования риска при применении фильтров.</p><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Даны рекомендации по улучшению защиты работников, включающие улучшение сертификационных требований СИЗОД, разработку требований к их использованию, обучение специалистов по охране труда и работников.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: </p></sec><sec><title>Капцов В</title><p>Капцов В.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание и редактирование текста;</p></sec><sec><title>Панкова В</title><p>Панкова В.Б. — обработка материала, написание и редактирование текста;</p></sec><sec><title>Чиркин А</title><p>Чиркин А.В. — сбор материала и редактирование текста.</p><p>Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 14.09.2021 / Принята к печати: 25.11.2021 / Опубликована 10.03.2022</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>If a worker uses filtering respirators to protect against toxic gases, the cartridges must be replaced promptly, as they have a limited service life. If the service life exceeds the length of the job, the cartridges can be reused in some cases. However, toxic substances can desorb and migrate during storage; and then be released into the inhaled air. So, the cartridges can become a source of hazard themselves. The risk depends on the properties of gases, cartridges, and the conditions in the workplace and during storage. The sensory response to inhaled gas has proven to be an unreliable indicator of the end of service life, and its use has been prohibited.</p><p>We prepared this article using the results of a search for relevant information in Journal of the ISRP; publications of National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA), Taylor &amp; Francis, Springer, Oxford University Press; western law requirements for respiratory protection, and textbooks.</p><p>The article describes the results of studies of gas desorption during cartridge storage. Researchers have found that hazards can occur when protecting against organic compounds with different boiling points and some inorganic substances. A significant difference is shown between the amount of available information and the possible reuses of the cartridges.</p><p>There are different ways to protect workers: prohibit the reuse of cartridges when protecting against most hazardous substances; prohibit reuse without the permission of the cartridges manufacturers; limit the duration of their use. If the service life is long enough, the cartridges may be used within their limits (including breaks for storage). Mathematical modelling for risk assessment is described, and recommendations for improved training and workers protection are provided. If a worker uses filtering respirators to protect against toxic gases, the cartridges must be replaced promptly, as they have a limited service life. If the service life exceeds the length of the job, the cartridges can be reused in some cases.</p><p>Nevertheless, toxic substances can desorb and migrate during storage; and then be released into the inhaled air. So, the cartridges can become a source of hazard themselves. The risk depends on the properties of gases, cartridges, and the conditions in the workplace and during storage. The sensory response to inhaled gas has proven to be an unreliable indicator of the end of service life, and its use has been prohibited.</p><p>The article describes the results of studies of gas desorption during cartridge storage. Researchers have found that hazards can occur when protecting against organic compounds with different boiling points and some inorganic substances. A significant difference is shown between the amount of available information and the possible reuses of the cartridges.</p><p>There are different ways to protect workers: prohibit the reuse of cartridges when protecting against most hazardous substances; prohibit reuse without the permission of the cartridges manufacturers; limit the duration of their use. If the service life is enough long, the cartridges may be used within its limits (including breaks for storage). Mathematical modeling for risk assessment is described. </p><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Recommendations on improving the protection of workers have been given. They include: improvement of respiratory approval requirements, development of the law requirements for their use, training of occupational health and safety specialists and workers.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: </p></sec><sec><title>Kaptsov V</title><p>Kaptsov V.A. — the concept and design of the study; writing a text, editing;</p></sec><sec><title>Pankova V</title><p>Pankova V.B. — processing of material, writing a text, editing;</p></sec><sec><title>Chirkin A</title><p>Chirkin A.V. — collection processing of material, editing.</p><p>All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: September 14, 2021 / Accepted: November 25, 2021 / Published: March 10, 2022</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>СИЗОД</kwd><kwd>противогазный фильтр</kwd><kwd>срок службы</kwd><kwd>токсичные газы</kwd><kwd>профессиональные заболевания</kwd><kwd>острые отравления</kwd><kwd>охрана труда</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>respirator</kwd><kwd>cartridges &amp; canisters</kwd><kwd>toxic gases</kwd><kwd>occupational diseases</kwd><kwd>acute poisonings</kwd><kwd>occupational health and safety</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">CSA Standard Z94.4-11. Selection, use, and care of respirators; 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">CSA Standard Z94.4-11. 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