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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-2-201-210</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-2015</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние состава загрязнения атмосферного воздуха на генотоксические эффекты в эпителиоцитах щеки детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Influence of the composition of atmospheric air pollution on genotoxic effects in the buccal epithelial cells in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4377-245X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрченко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurchenko</surname><given-names>Valentina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2262-6800</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ингель</surname><given-names>Фаина Исааковна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ingel</surname><given-names>Faina I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вед. науч. сотр. отд. профилактической токсикологии и медико-биологических исследований НИИ ЭЧ и ГОС им. А.Н. Сысина ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: FIngel@cspmz.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., Leading Researcher of the Department of Preventive Toxicology and Biomedical Research in the Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: FIngel@cspmz.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fingel@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3112-0980</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малышева</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malysheva</surname><given-names>Alla G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3619-3858</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахальцева</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhaltseva</surname><given-names>Lyudmila V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5039-8980</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривцова</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivtsova</surname><given-names>Elena K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5031-2916</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрцева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurtseva</surname><given-names>Nadezda A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0866-5990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>Tatiana A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5057-9514</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>Svetlana M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкин</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkin</surname><given-names>Dmitry I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4319-7192</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бударина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Budarina</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>201</fpage><lpage>210</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юрченко В.В., Ингель Ф.И., Малышева А.Г., Ахальцева Л.В., Кривцова Е.К., Юрцева Н.А., Никитина Т.А., Иванова С.М., Шишкин Д.И., Бударина О.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юрченко В.В., Ингель Ф.И., Малышева А.Г., Ахальцева Л.В., Кривцова Е.К., Юрцева Н.А., Никитина Т.А., Иванова С.М., Шишкин Д.И., Бударина О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yurchenko V.V., Ingel F.I., Malysheva A.G., Akhaltseva L.V., Krivtsova E.K., Yurtseva N.A., Nikitina T.A., Ivanova S.M., Shishkin D.I., Budarina O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2015">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2015</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Публикация представляет третий фрагмент комплексного многопараметрового пилотного исследования, направленного на создание методологии оценки влияния запаха на адаптационный потенциал человека. Работу проводили в городе, где функционируют в основном предприятия пищевой промышленности и агропромышленного комплекса и отсутствуют предприятия I–II классов опасности. Выбросы в атмосферный воздух от действующих предприятий имеют специфический запах, вызывающий жалобы населения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Эффекты нестабильности генома (ЭНГ) определены цитомным анализом в микроядерном тесте на слущивающихся эпителиоцитах щеки 112 детей 5–7 лет, посещающих дошкольные образовательные учреждения (ДОО), расположенные на расстоянии 1,7–5,9 км от предприятий — основных источников запаха. На площадках для прогулок ДОО отбирали пробы атмосферного воздуха для определения их химического состава.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. ЭНГ детей из разных ДОО не различались между собой ни по одному из 13 оценённых показателей, причём уровни эффектов не выходили за пределы средненормальных значений, представленных в литературе, и собственных данных.</p><p>В составе проб воздуха определено 78 веществ, принадлежащих к разным классам химических соединений. Выявлены высокоуровневые и статистически значимые прямые корреляционные связи между суммарным содержанием компонентов загрязнения воздуха с доказанной генотоксической активностью и частотами эпителиоцитов с микроядрами и с заглоченными апоптозными тельцами. Не выявлена связь между суммарным превышением ПДК для химических соединений, обнаруженных в воздухе, и ЭНГ у детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования: корректное формирование групп для обследования, строгость критериев цитомного анализа и идентичность идентификации цитогенетических эффектов при проведении цитомного анализа разными исследователями.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. ЭНГ в эпителиоцитах щеки детей преимущественно связаны с присутствием в воздухе веществ с доказанной мутагенной, канцерогенной и анеугенной активностью, но не с превышением гигиенических нормативов содержания химических соединений в воздухе.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: </p></sec><sec><title>Юрченко В</title><p>Юрченко В.В. — анализ литературы, взятие проб эпителиоцитов, приготовление препаратов для цитомного анализа, статистический анализ и описание результатов цитомного анализа;</p></sec><sec><title>Ингель Ф</title><p>Ингель Ф.И. — концепция и дизайн исследования, поиск источников литературы, анализ и интерпретация данных литературы, статистическая обработка материала, написание текста;</p></sec><sec><title>Малышева А</title><p>Малышева А.Г. — программа и выбор методов химико-аналитических исследований;</p></sec><sec><title>Ахальцева Л</title><p>Ахальцева Л.В. — цитомный анализ, редактирование рукописи и подготовка её к печати;</p></sec><sec><title>Кривцова Е</title><p>Кривцова Е.К., Юрцева Н.А., Никитина Т.А., Иванова С.М. — цитомный анализ;</p></sec><sec><title>Шишкин Д</title><p>Шишкин Д.И. — проведение химико-аналитических исследований;</p></sec><sec><title>Бударина О</title><p>Бударина О.В. — организация исследования и расчёты рассеивания запаха в воздухе.</p><p>Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания «Анализ изменений адаптации населения, проживающего в районах размещения предприятий – источников запаха, с целью разработки рекомендаций для органов здравоохранения по управлению риском возникновения экологически обусловленных заболеваний» ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 28.07.2021 / Принята к печати: 25.11.2021 / Опубликована: 10.03.2022 </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. This publication presents the third fragment of a comprehensive multi-parameter pilot study to create a methodology for assessing the open-air odor’ impact on human’s adaptive potential. The pilot study was carried out in the little town (50 thousands of inhabitants), mainly the food industry and agro-industrial complex work, but enterprises of 1–2 classes of danger are absent. Air emissions from operating enterprises have a specific odor that causes complaints of inhabitants.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The effects of genome instability (EGI) in children attending kindergartens located at a distance of 1.7–5.9 km from enterprises — the primary sources of odor — were assessed. EGI was determined non-invasively using a micronucleus test on exfoliating cheek epithelial cells. The epitheliocytes from 112 children of 5–7 years old were examined simultaneously with a collection of atmospheric air samples from the walking areas of the kindergartens which the examined children attended. These atmospheric air samples were taken for gas chromatography-mass spectrometric determination of their chemical composition.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Seventy-eight chemical compounds belonging to different classes of chemicals were identified in the air samples. The groups of children from different kindergartens did not differ statistically in any of the 13 assessed indicators of the cytome analysis of the buccal mucosa epithelium cells, and the levels of genotoxic and toxic effects did not go beyond the average expected values presented in literature and our studies for differents groups of comparison. High-level and statistically significant direct correlations between the total content of air pollutants with proven genotoxic activity and the two main indicators of the micronucleus test on cheek epithelial cells: the frequencies of cells with micronuclei and cells with accepted apoptotic bodies were revealed. No correlation was found between summarized levels of the detected chemicals limited concentrations and the results of cytome analysis of children’s buccal epithelial cells. </p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. correct formation of groups for examination, the severity of the criteria for cytotome analysis and identity of cytogenetic effects identification in the course of cytotome analysis by different researchers.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The effects of genome instability in the buccal epithelial cells in children were shown to be mainly associated with the presence of substances with proven mutagenic, carcinogenic and neogenic activities, but not with the total excess of hygienic standards for the content of chemical compounds in the air.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: </p></sec><sec><title>Yurchenko V</title><p>Yurchenko V.V. — analysis of literature, children’s epithelial cells sampling and preparing them for cytome analysis, statistical analysis and description of the results of cytome analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Ingel F</title><p> Ingel F.I. — concept and design of the study, analysis and interpretation of literature data, statistical analysis of the obtained data, text writing.</p></sec><sec><title>Malysheva A</title><p>Malysheva A.G. — program and the choice of methods of chemical studies.</p></sec><sec><title>Akhaltseva L</title><p>Akhaltseva L.V. — cytome analysis, manuscript editing and preparing for publication.</p></sec><sec><title>Krivtsova E</title><p>Krivtsova E.K., Yurtseva N.A., Nikitina T.A., Ivanova S.М. — cytome analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Shishkin D</title><p>Shishkin D.I. — chemical analysis of the air samples.</p></sec><sec><title>Budarina O</title><p>Budarina O.V. — organization of the study, odor dispersion calculation.</p><p>All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The work was carried out within the framework of the state task “Analysis of changes in the adaptation of the population living in the areas where located enterprises are sources of odor, in order to develop recommendations for health authorities on managing the risk of environmentally caused diseases” by Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russian Federation.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: July 28, 2021 / Accepted: November 25, 2021 / Published: March 10, 2022</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генотоксичные и негенотоксичные соединения в атмосферном воздухе</kwd><kwd>эпителиоциты слизистой оболочки щеки детей</kwd><kwd>микроядерный тест</kwd><kwd>цитомный анализ</kwd><kwd>нестабильность генома детей</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genotoxic and non-genotoxic chemical compounds in atmospheric air</kwd><kwd>epithelial cells of children’s buccal mucosa</kwd><kwd>micronucleus test</kwd><kwd>cytome analysis</kwd><kwd>children’s genome instability</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmid W. 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