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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-3-338-343</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-2096</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ПИТАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOOD HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обогащение муки и железодефицитная анемия в Кыргызской Республике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Flour enrichment and iron-deficiency anemia in the Kyrgyz Republic</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1632-0063</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочкорова</surname><given-names>Феруза Атамырзаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochkorova</surname><given-names>Feruza A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры гигиенических дисциплин Кыргызской государственной медицинской академии им. И.К. Ахунбаевой. 720020, Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика.</p><p>e-mail: npopm@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, associate professor of the Department of Hygienic Disciplines, I.K. Akhunabaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, 720020, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic.</p><p>e-mail: npopm@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">npopm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8222-9834</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тойгомбаева</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toygombaeva</surname><given-names>Vera S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6143-1686</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эсенаманова</surname><given-names>М. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Esenamanova</surname><given-names>Marina K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3304-7409</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касымов</surname><given-names>О. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasymov</surname><given-names>Omor T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6625-1548</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калиев</surname><given-names>М. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaliev</surname><given-names>Marat T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-производственное объединение «Профилактическая медицина» Министерства здравоохранения Кыргызской Республики; Кыргызская государственная медицинская академия имени И.К. Ахунбаева Министерства здравоохранения Кыргызской Республики</institution><country>Кыргызстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific and Production Centre for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic; I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic</institution><country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кыргызская государственная медицинская академия имени И.К. Ахунбаева Министерства здравоохранения Кыргызской Республики</institution><country>Кыргызстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic</institution><country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-производственное объединение «Профилактическая медицина» Министерства здравоохранения Кыргызской Республики</institution><country>Кыргызстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific and Production Centre for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic</institution><country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>338</fpage><lpage>343</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кочкорова Ф.А., Тойгомбаева В.С., Эсенаманова М.К., Касымов О.Т., Калиев М.Т., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кочкорова Ф.А., Тойгомбаева В.С., Эсенаманова М.К., Касымов О.Т., Калиев М.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kochkorova F.A., Toygombaeva V.S., Esenamanova M.K., Kasymov O.T., Kaliev M.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2096">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2096</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Нерациональное питание является основной причиной алиментарнозависимых заболеваний, в том числе железодефицитной анемии. Одной из наиболее эффективных профилактических мер среди населения, особенно женщин и детей, является обогащение основных продуктов питания.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для выявления информированности населения и потребления им обогащённой муки проведено анкетирование 2218 респондентов, из них 1442 (65%) женщин и 776 (35%) мужчин. Определено качество обогащения 408 проб муки по ГОСТ 26928-86. Произведён эпидемиологический анализ многолетней динамики показателей распространённости железодефицитной анемии и заболеваемости ею за период 2009–2019 гг.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По результатам анкетирования 5,7% респондентов не знали, что означает термин «обогащённая мука», 68,3% считают, что это «безопасная мука, обогащённая витаминами и минеральными веществами». СМИ являлись основными источниками информации об обогащённой муке. Большинство (30,9%) респондентов отметили из полезных свойств обогащённой муки улучшение физического и умственного развития. По результатам исследования выявлено, что в 77,4% проб муки марки «Орион», 54,8% муки марки «Рола», 44,7% муки марки «Алия» содержание железа было занижено по сравнению с требованиями Технического регламента Кыргызской Республики (КР) «О безопасности обогащённой муки». Ретроспективный анализ многолетней динамики заболеваемости железодефицитной анемии за период с 2010 по 2018 г. выявил существенное снижение среди взрослого населения и подростков на 44,8 % (в 2010 г. — 2373,3 на 100 тыс. населения, в 2018 г. — 1311 на 100 тыс. населения), а среди детей от 0 до 14 лет — на 18,4%.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Исследование имеет потенциальные ограничения в связи с отсутствием сравнительного анализа заболеваемости железодефицитной анемией (ЖДА) населения, употребляющего и не употребляющего обогащённую муку. Также полному исследованию не подвергались все марки муки, производимой внутри страны и импортируемой.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Обогащение муки микроэлементами является одним из способов получения продуктов функционального питания. Фортификация муки может способствовать укреплению здоровья населения путём обеспечения основными витаминами и минералами, недостаток которых наблюдается в повседневном питании.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: </p></sec><sec><title>Кочкорова Ф</title><p>Кочкорова Ф.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, статистическая обработка, написание текста;</p></sec><sec><title>Тойгомбаева В</title><p>Тойгомбаева В.С. — обработка материала, консультирование, редактирование;</p></sec><sec><title>Эсенаманова М</title><p>Эсенаманова М.К., Калиев М.Т. — консультирование, редактирование;</p></sec><sec><title>Касымов О</title><p>Касымов О.Т. — концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование.</p><p>Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 11.11.2021 / Принята к печати: 25.11.2021 / Опубликована: 08.04.2022</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Poor nutrition is the main cause of nutrition-associated diseases, including iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). An enrichment of basic foods is the one of the most effective preventive measures among the population, especially women and children.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A survey of 2,218 respondents was conducted to identify public awareness and consumption of enriched flour, of which 1,442 (65%) were women and 776 (35%) were men. The enrichment quality of 408 flour samples was determined according to GOST 26928-86. An epidemiological analysis of the long-term follow up on the prevalence and incidence rates was carried out for the period 2009–2019.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. According to the results of the survey, 5.7% of respondents did not know what the term “enriched flour” means, 68.3% consider it “safe flour enriched with vitamins and minerals”. The media were the main sources of information on enriched flour. The majority (30.9%) of the respondents noted the improvement of physical and mental development among the beneficial properties of enriched flour. According to the results of the analysis, 77.4% of Orion brand flour were found to have an underestimated iron content compared with the requirements of the Technical Regulation of the Kyrgyz Republic “On the safety of fortified flour”, 54.8% of Rola flour, 44.7% of Aliya flour. A retrospective analysis of the long-term trend in IDA for the period from 2010 to 2018 revealed a significant decline in the trend by 44.8% (in 2010 — 2373.3 per 100 thousand people, in 2018 —1311.0 per 100 thousand people) among adults and adolescents, and among children from 0 to 14 years of age by 18.4%.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study has potential limitations due to the lack of a comparative analysis of the incidence of iron-deficiency anemia in the population using enriched flour and without, and that not all brands of flour produced domestically and imported were subjected to a full study.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The enrichment of flour with micro-elements is one of the ways to provide functional nutrition. Flour fortification can contribute to strengthening the health of the nation by providing essential vitamins and minerals that are lacking in daily nutrition.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: </p></sec><sec><title>Kochkorova F</title><p>Kochkorova F.A. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing the text, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.</p></sec><sec><title>Toygombaeva V</title><p>Toygombaeva V.S. — material processing, consulting, editing.</p></sec><sec><title>Esenamanova M</title><p>Esenamanova M.K., Kaliev M.T. — consulting, editing.</p></sec><sec><title>Kasymov O</title><p>Kasymov O.T. — the concept and design of the study, editing, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.</p><p>All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: November 11, 2021 / Accepted: November 25, 2021 / Published: April 08, 2022</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>распространённость и заболеваемость железодефицитной анемией</kwd><kwd>взрослое и детское население</kwd><kwd>обогащение муки</kwd><kwd>анкетирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prevalence and incidence of iron deficiency anemia</kwd><kwd>adults and children</kwd><kwd>flour fortification</kwd><kwd>questionnaire survey</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Покровский В.И., Романенко Г.А., Княжев В.А., Герасеменко Н.Ф., Онищенко Г.Г., Тутельян В.А. и др. Политика здорового питания. Федеральный и региональный уровни. 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