medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-3-344-356medlit-2097Research ArticleОЦЕНКА РИСКОВ ДЛЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯHEALTH RISK ASSESSMENTОценка риска для здоровья населения при употреблении питьевой воды города Латакунги и кантона Педро Висенте Мальдонадо (Республика Эквадор)Health risk assessment of drinking water: Case study of city of Latacunga and the canton of Pedro Vicente Maldonado (Ecuador)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6927-7863Саласар ФлоресК. А.Salazar FloresCristian A.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7763-5034КурбатоваАнна ИгоревнаKurbatovaAnna I.

Канд. биол. наук, доцент департамента экологической безопасности и менеджмента качества продукции Института экологии ФГАОУ ВО РУДН, 117198, Москва, Россия.

e-mail: kurbatova-ai@rudn.ru

PhD, Associate professor, Institute of environmental engineering, Рeoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.

E-mail: kurbatova-ai@rudn.ru

kurbatova-ai@rudn.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8051-8528МихайличенкоК. Ю.MikhaylichenkoKseniya Yu.noemail@neicon.ruМилуткаА. С.MilutkaAnastasiya C.noemail@neicon.ruФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»РоссияPeoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)Russian Federation2022040420221013344356Copyright © Саласар Флорес К.А., Курбатова А.И., Михайличенко К.Ю., Милутка А.С., 20222022Саласар Флорес К.А., Курбатова А.И., Михайличенко К.Ю., Милутка А.С.Salazar Flores C.A., Kurbatova A.I., Mikhaylichenko K.Y., Milutka A.C.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2097Введение

Введение. Исследовано качество питьевой воды г. Латакунги (исп. Latacunga) и кантона1 Педро Висенте Мальдонадо (исп. Pedro Vicente Maldonado) и проведена оценка риска для здоровья населения при употреблении исследуемой воды после водоподготовки.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Оценку качества питьевой воды проводили согласно гигиеническим нормативам Республики Эквадор и Российской Федерации. В исследовании применяли методические рекомендации по расчёту риска для показателей и химических веществ, характеризующихся ольфакторно-рефлекторным эффектом воздействия, для питьевой воды, а также руководство по оценке риска для здоровья населения при воздействии химических веществ. Исследование по оценке канцерогенного риска проводили с учётом доказанности канцерогенных свойств для таких веществ, как тригалогенметаны (ТГМ) и летучие органические вещества. Оценка безопасности для здоровья качества питьевой воды и эффективности мероприятий по водоподготовке проведена на основе интегральной оценки качества питьевой воды.

Результаты

Результаты. При анализе питьевой воды г. Латакунги были выявлены превышения гигиенических нормативов Республики Эквадор и Российской Федерации по таким показателям, как фосфаты (до 1,3 ПДК), бромоформ (до 1,6 ПДК) и дибромхлорметан (до 4 ПДК). Согласно критериям оценки величины риска рефлекторных реакций, при исследовании питьевой воды в г. Латакунге и в кантоне Педро Висенте Мальдонадо установлено, что риск немедленного действия определяется на приемлемом уровне. В соответствии с критериями оценки величины неканцерогенного риска возникающий при хроническом воздействии воды г. Латакунги риск, оцениваемый по эффектам неспецифического действия, может рассматриваться как вызывающий опасение, а при хроническом воздействии воды кантона Педро Висенте Мальдонадо — как приемлемый. Индивидуальный канцерогенный риск в обоих пунктах находится на уровне неприемлемого. Оценка интегрального показателя опасности питьевой воды выявила отсутствие химической безвредности питьевой воды как в г. Латакунге, так и в кантоне Педро Висенте Мальдонадо и низкую эффективность мероприятий по водоподготовке.

Ограничения исследования

Ограничения исследования. В данном исследовании не показано влияние сезонных изменений в ходе выполнения интегральной оценки питьевой воды по показателям химической безвредности.

Заключение

Заключение. Полученные результаты подтверждают необходимость особого внимания к веществам, образующимся в процессе водоподготовки на этапе обеззараживания, поскольку высокие индексы опасности обусловлены содержанием ТГМ, особенно бромдихлорметана и дибромхлорметана.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов:

Саласар Флорес К

Саласар Флорес К.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, статистическая обработка, написание текста;

Курбатова А

Курбатова А.И., Михайличенко К.Ю. — концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование, написание текста;

Милутка А

Милутка А.С. — редактирование, написание текста.

Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Публикация выполнена при поддержке Программы стратегического академического лидерства РУДН.

Поступила

Поступила: 05.11.2021 / Принята к печати: 25.11.2021 / Опубликована: 08.04.2022

1 Эквадор в административно-территориальном отношении подразделяется на провинции, которые в свою очередь делятся на кантоны. 

Introduction

Introduction. The quality of drinking water in the city of Latacunga and the canton of Pedro Vicente Maldonado was investigated. The health risk assessment related to the use of the studied water after its treatment was carried out.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. Drinking water quality was assessed according to the Ecuadorian and Russian hygiene standards. Methodological recommendations in the study were used to calculate risks for indicators and chemicals characterized by the olfactory-reflex effect of exposure to drinking water, as well as guidelines to assess the risk to public health when exposed to chemicals of a non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic nature. Carcinogenic risk study was conducted by taking into consideration the potentially carcinogenic substances such as trihalomethanes and volatile organic compounds. The chemical safety of drinking water and the effectiveness of water treatment measures were carried out based on an comprehensive assessment of the quality of drinking water.

Results

Results. When analyzing drinking water in the city of Latacunga, exceedance of the Ecuadorian and Russian hygienic standards was revealed in terms of such indicators as phosphates (up to 1.3 TLV), bromoform (up to 1.6 TLV) and dibromochloromethane (up to 4 TLV). According to the criteria for assessing the risk of reflex factors when using drinking water in the city of Latacunga and in the canton of Pedro Vicente Maldonado, the risk of immediate action is at the acceptable level of risk. In accordance with the criteria for assessing the magnitude of the non-carcinogenic risk of chronic exposure to water in the city of Latacunga, assessed by the effect of non-specific action, it can be considered as a matter of concern, and the water of the canton of Pedro Vicente Maldonado can be considered as acceptable. The individual carcinogenic risk in both cities is at an unacceptable carcinogenic risk level. Assessment of the integral indicator of the hazard of drinking water revealed the lack of chemicals safety of drinking water treatment both in the city of Latacunga and in the canton of Pedro Vicente Maldonado and poor efficiency of water treatment.

Limitations

Limitations. This study does not show the effect of seasonal changes in the course of the integral assessment of drinking water as per chemical safety parameters.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The results obtained underline the need for special attention to the substances formed during disinfection, since high hazard indices are due to the content of trihalomethanes, especially bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane.

Contribution

Contribution:

Salazar Flores C

Salazar Flores C.A. — concept and design of the research, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing a text.

Kurbatova A

Kurbatova A.I., Mikhaylichenko K.Y. — concept and design of the research, editing, writing a text.

Milutka A

Milutka A.C. — editing, writing a text.

All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement. This paper has been supported by the RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.

Received

Received: November 05, 2021 / Accepted: November 25, 2021 / Published: April 08, 2022

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.