medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-4-375-381medlit-2168Research ArticleМЕДИЦИНА ТРУДАOCCUPATIONAL HEALTHПрофессиональные факторы риска и старение человека (обзор литературы)Influence of occupational risk factors on human aging (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1962-2323КаримовДенис ДмитриевичKarimovDenis D.

Канд. биол. наук, науч. сотр. ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», мл. науч. сотр. ФБУН «Институт биохимии и генетики — обособленное структурное подразделение УФИЦ РАН».

e-mail: karriden@gmail.com

MD, PhD, researcher in department of toxicology and genetics of Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation.

e-mail: karriden@gmail.com

karriden@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1219-3458ЭрдманВ. В.ErdmanVera V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2092-1021КудояровЭ. Р.KudoyarovEldar R.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6605-9994ВаловаЯ. В.ValovaYana V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7957-2399СмолянкинД. А.SmolyankinDenis A.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8798-0846РепинаЭ. Ф.RepinaElvira F.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0039-6757КаримовД. О.KarimovDenis O.noemail@neicon.ruФБУН «Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда и экологии человека»; Институт биохимии и генетики — обособленное структурное подразделение ФГБНУ «Уфимский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук»РоссияUfa Research Institute of Labor Medicine and Human Ecology; Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics — Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИнститут биохимии и генетики — обособленное структурное подразделение ФГБНУ «Уфимский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук»РоссияInstitute of Biochemistry and Genetics — Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФБУН «Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда и экологии человека»РоссияUfa Research Institute of Labor Medicine and Human EcologyRussian Federation2022060520221014375381Copyright © Каримов Д.Д., Эрдман В.В., Кудояров Э.Р., Валова Я.В., Смолянкин Д.А., Репина Э.Ф., Каримов Д.О., 20222022Каримов Д.Д., Эрдман В.В., Кудояров Э.Р., Валова Я.В., Смолянкин Д.А., Репина Э.Ф., Каримов Д.О.Karimov D.D., Erdman V.V., Kudoyarov E.R., Valova Y.V., Smolyankin D.A., Repina E.F., Karimov D.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2168

Вследствие увеличения средней продолжительности жизни и снижения рождаемости в настоящее время в мире значительно увеличивается абсолютное и относительное количество стареющего населения.Предполагается, что оценка биологического и функционального старения отражает текущие изменения в организме человека, внутреннюю дегенерацию организма и его способность реагировать на различные стрессоры (то есть факторы генетические, профессиональные и факторы окружающей среды). Длительность профессионального стажа является ведущим фактором и индикатором риска ускоренного старения организма. За последние годы проведено множество исследований зависимости темпа старения от профессионально обусловленных вредных факторов физической и химической природы, однако на сегодняшний день практически отсутствуют обзорные работы, очерчивающие круг этих воздействий и их эффекты на старение человека. В данном исследовании обобщены основные профессиональные нервно-психические, физические и химические факторы риска, вызывающие ускоренное старение человека. Также кратко представлены механизмы влияния нарушений циркадного ритма, аллостатической нагрузки, теплового стресса, локальной вибрации, химических веществ и взвешенных наночастиц (мелкодисперсной пыли) на скорость старения организма, увеличение риска развития болезни Альцгеймера, уменьшение длины теломер и эпигенетические изменения, а также возможные взаимодействия между описанными механизмами. При анализе биомаркеров биологического возраста выявлено ускорение старения у работников сельскохозяйственных и промышленных отраслей, педагогов и сотрудников правоохранительных органов.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов:

Каримов Д

Каримов Д.Д. — концепция и дизайн обзора, сбор и обработка данных, написание текста, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи;

Эрдман В

Эрдман В.В. — концепция и дизайн обзора, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи;

Кудояров Э

Кудояров Э.Р. — сбор и обработка данных, написание текста;

Валова Я

Валова Я.В., Смолянкин Д.А. — сбор и обработка данных;

Репина Э

Репина Э.Ф. — редактирование; 

Каримов Д

Каримов Д.О. — редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

Поступила

Поступила: 30.08.2021 / Принята к печати: 12.04.2022 / Опубликована: 30.04.2022

Nowadays over the world absolute and relative number of aging population dramatically increases with life expectancy up and birth rate down. Aging and senescence assessment are assumed to reflect current changes, internal degeneration and various stressors respond ability (i.e. genetic, environmental and occupational factors) of human organism. Occupational experience time is leading risk factor and indicator for accelerated aging. Last years, many reports concerning aging rate dependence on physical and chemical occupational hazardous factors were published. Summarizing this exposures and their effects on aging reviews are almost absent despite many provided studies. Overview of main occupational neuropsychiatric, physical and chemical risk factors, that causes human aging acceleration presented here. Circadian rhythm disorders, allostatic load, heat stress, local vibration, chemical effects and suspended nanoparticles (fine dust) influences on aging and such signs as Alzheimer’s disease risk increase, telomere length decrease and epigenetic changes and possible interactions between them are also briefly presented. Agricultural, industrial workers, teachers and police officers aging acceleration is detected in results of analysis of biological age markers.

Contribution

Contribution:

Karimov D

Karimov D.D. — concept of the study, data collection and processing, writing text, editing, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;

Erdman V

Erdman V.V. — concept of the study, editing, approval of the final version of the article;

Kudoyarov E

Kudoyarov E.R. — collection and processing of material, writing text;

Valova Ya

Valova Ya.V., Smolyankin D.A. – collection and processing of material;

Repina E

Repina E.F. — editing;

Karimov D

Karimov D.O. — editing, approval of the final version of the article. 

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received

Received: August 30, 2021 / Accepted: April 12, 2022 / Published: April 30, 2022

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.