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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-4-425-432</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-2175</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ПИТАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOOD HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Физиолого-гигиеническое обоснование эффективности применения чесночной соли для профилактики артериальной гипертензии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Physiological and hygienic validation of the health benefits  of garlic salt to prevent arterial hypertension</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7491-0539</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цикуниб</surname><given-names>Аминет Джахфаровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsikunib</surname><given-names>Aminet D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, профессор, зав. каф. химии, зав. лаб. нутрициологии, экологии и биотехнологии НИИ комплексных проблем ФГБОУ ВО «Адыгейский государственный университет», 385000, Майкоп.</p><p>e-mail: cikunib58@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Nutrition and Ecology, Research Institute of Complex Problems of Adyghe State University, Maykop, 385000, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: cikunib58@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cikunib58@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6693-6632</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Езлю</surname><given-names>Ф. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ezlyu</surname><given-names>Fatima N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6900-2333</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шартан</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shartan</surname><given-names>Ruzanna R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2706-4499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алимханова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alimkhanova</surname><given-names>Aminat A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Адыгейский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Adyghe State University of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская поликлиника № 7 г. Краснодара» Министерства здравоохранения Краснодарского края</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Policlinic No. 7 in Krasnodar</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Чеченский государственный университет имени Ахмата Абдулхамидовича Кадырова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Akhmat Abdulhamidovich Kadyrov Chechen State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>425</fpage><lpage>432</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Цикуниб А.Д., Езлю Ф.Н., Шартан Р.Р., Алимханова А.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цикуниб А.Д., Езлю Ф.Н., Шартан Р.Р., Алимханова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tsikunib A.D., Ezlyu F.N., Shartan R.R., Alimkhanova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2175">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2175</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. С гигиенических позиций актуальным является потребление пищевой соли (ПС) в соответствии с физиологической нормой, обеспечивающей оптимальные биохимические процессы обмена натрия в организме.</p><p>Цель исследования — физиолого-гигиеническое обоснование эффективности применения традиционных технологий в оптимизации уровня потребления NaCl и профилактики артериальной гипертензии (АГ) на примере чесночной соли (ЧС).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследованиях приняли участие девочки-подростки (n = 71, возраст 12–15 лет) и женщины (n = 124, возраст 38,5 ± 4,2 года) адыгской национальности. Отношение к ЧС и уровень её потребления выявляли методом фокус-групп, с помощью анкетирования и анализа трёхдневных рационов питания. Показатели артериального давления (АД) определяли осциллометрическим методом, содержание альбуминов в утренней моче — методом иммунохроматографического анализа (ИХА), порог вкусовой чувствительности к соли (ПВЧС) — методом густометрии, эффективность достижения солёного вкуса при применении ЧС — методом дегустационного анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что у девочек-подростков и женщин, в семьях которых регулярно используют в домашней кулинарии ЧС, выявляется низкий уровень потребления NaCl (НУПNaCl), а в семьях, практически не применяющих в домашней кулинарии ЧС, выявляется высокий уровень потребления NaCl (ВУПNaCl). Показатели ПВЧС в группах с НУПNaCl достоверно ниже. ЧС эффективнее ПС в достижении солёного вкуса на 23,2 ± 1,84%. В группе женщин с НУПNaCl показатели АД ниже, микроальбуминурия не выявляется.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. В рамках исследования по обоснованию эффективности применения ЧС для оптимизации уровня потребления NaCl и профилактики артериальной гипертензии участниками исследования были выбраны лица женского пола адыгской национальности. В дальнейшем планируется расширение исследований с учётом гендерного и национального аспектов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. ЧС позволяет уменьшить потребление NaCl, не нарушая гедонистического восприятия вкуса. Повышение осведомлённости населения о преимуществах ЧС в достижении солёного вкуса и широкое её введение в современную систему питания различных групп населения может выступить эффективным гигиеническим подходом к оптимизации потребления NaCl и снижению риска АГ.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: </p></sec><sec><title>Цикуниб А</title><p>Цикуниб А.Д. — концепция и дизайн исследования, проведение исследований и обработка данных, написание текста;</p></sec><sec><title>Езлю Ф</title><p>Езлю Ф.Н. — сбор материала, проведение исследований, обработка данных, написание текста, редактирование;</p></sec><sec><title>Шартан Р</title><p>Шартан Р.Р. — сбор материала и данных литературы, проведение исследований, обработка данных;</p></sec><sec><title>Алимханова А</title><p>Алимханова А.А. — сбор и обработка данных литературы.</p><p>Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 19.01.2022 / Принята к печати: 12.04.2022 / Опубликована: 30.04.2022</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. From hygienic point of view, the consumption of table salt (TS) neither below nor above the physiological norm is relevant to ensure normal biochemical processes of sodium metabolism in the body.</p><p>The aim of the study was a physiological and hygienic validation of the health benefits of Adyghe garlic salt (GS), made by using traditional technology, for optimizing the level of NaCl consumption and prevention arterial hypertension.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Seventy-one adolescent girl aged 12–15 years and 124 women aged 38.5±4.2 years of Adyg nationality took part in the studies. The attitude to GS and the level of its consumption were revealed by the method of focus groups, questionnaires and analysis of 3-day diets. Blood pressure indicators were determined by the oscillometric method, the content of albumin in morning urine — by the ICA method, the taste sensitivity threshold to salt (STST) — by the density measurement method, the efficiency of achieving a salty taste when using GS — by the tasting analysis method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Adolescent girls and women from families regularly using garlic salt (GS) in home cooking have been found to have low levels of NaCl consumption (LLNaClC). In families that do not use GS in practice, a high level of NaCl consumption (HLCNaCl) is detected. The STST values are reliably lower in LLNaClC groups. GS compared to TS is more effective in achieving salty taste by 23.2±1.84%. In the group of women with LLNaClC, blood pressure indices are lower, microalbuminuria is not detected.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. To substantiate the effectiveness of the use of GS to optimize the level of NaCl consumption and to carry out prevention of arterial hypertension, we took only female persons of the Adyghe nationality as participants of research. In the future, it is planned to expand research taking into account gender and national aspects.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. GS reduces the NaCl consumption without disturbing hedonistic perception of taste. Increasing public awareness of the benefits of GS in achieving salty taste and its widespread introduction into the modern nutritional system of various populations can be an effective hygienic approach to optimizing NaCl consumption, and reducing the risk of arterial hypertension.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: </p></sec><sec><title>Tsikunib A</title><p>Tsikunib A.D. — research concept and design, material collection, research and data processing, writing;</p></sec><sec><title>Ezlyu F</title><p>Ezlyu F.N. — collecting material, conducting research and processing data, and writing and editing the text;</p></sec><sec><title>Shartan R</title><p>Shartan R.R. — collecting data from the literature, gathering material, conducting research, and processing data;</p></sec><sec><title>Alimkhanova A</title><p>Alimkhanova A.A. — literature data collection, data processing.</p><p>All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: January 19, 2022 / Accepted: April 12, 2022 / Published: April 30, 2022</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>чесночная соль</kwd><kwd>пищевая соль</kwd><kwd>порог вкусовой чувствительности</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>микроальбуминурия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>garlic salt</kwd><kwd>table salt</kwd><kwd>taste sensitivity threshold</kwd><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>microalbuminuria</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu N. On the concept of resting potential-pumping ratio of the Na+/K+ pump and concentration ratios of potassium ions outside and inside the cell to sodium ions inside and outside the cell. J. 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