medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-4-449-452medlit-2178Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВHYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTSНейробиологические основы формирования поведения и употребления подростками психоактивных веществ (обзор литературы)Neurobiological foundations of the formation of behavior and use of psychoactive substances among adolescents (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8215-8674БулычеваЕкатерина ВладимировнаBulychevaEkaterina V.

Канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры профилактической медицины ОрГМУ, 460000, Оренбург. 

e-mail: e-sosnina@mail.ru

MD, PhD, assistant professor of preventative medicine department. Orenburg State Medical University, 460000, Orenburg, Russian Federation.

e-mail: e-sosnina@mail.ru

e-sosnina@mail.ruФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияOrenburg State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2022060520221014449452Copyright © Булычева Е.В., 20222022Булычева Е.В.Bulycheva E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2178Введение

Введение. Подростковый возраст является критическим периодом в онтогенезе. Сложное и гетерохронное созревание различных структур головного мозга под действием ряда биологически активных веществ, таких как нейромедиаторы и гормоны, определяет пик рискованного поведения, что выражается и в увеличении риска употребления подростками психоактивных веществ. В то же время вариативность поведения и степени риска употребления этих веществ в подростковом возрасте строго индивидуальна и зависит от генетических факторов. В этой связи становится актуальным анализ накопленного опыта исследований по изучению взаимосвязи нейробиологии и генетики в аспекте реализации психических поведенческих факторов риска.

Проведён анализ научной литературы за период с 2009 по 2021 г. в наукометрических базах WoS, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, РИНЦ. Для систематического обзора отобрано 59 научных статей. В современных молекулярно-генетических исследованиях нередко обнаруживаются связи между конкретным геном и широким спектром психических функций мозга, относящихся к различным уровням индивидуальности. Это объясняется тем, что существенная часть генов экспрессируется в большинстве структур мозга и может включаться в различные нейронные системы, обеспечивающие психическую деятельность. Установлено, что ряд полиморфизмов генов определяют нейробиологию созревания основных структур головного мозга, что косвенно определяет поведенческие риски и риски употребления психоактивных веществ в подростковом возрасте.

Заключение

Заключение. Отдельные генетические полиморфизмы оказывают влияние на многомерное и гетерогенное поведение и черты характера, в основе которых лежат нейробиологические процессы. Данные о влиянии полиморфизма генов на функцию мозга определяют высокую актуальность и перспективность исследований в данной области.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Автор декларирует отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

Поступила

Поступила: 02.11.2021 / Принята к печати: 12.04.2022 / Опубликована: 30.04.2022

Introduction

Introduction. Adolescence is a critical period over ontogenesis. The complex and heterochronous maturation of various brain structures under the influence of several biologically active substances such as neurotransmitters and hormones, determines the peak of the implementation of risky behavior, including those that promote the gain in the risk of psychoactive substances used by adolescents. At the same time, the variability of behaviour and the degree of risk of use in adolescence is strictly individual and depends on genetic factors. In this regard, the accumulated experience of research on the study of the relationship between neurobiology and genetics in the aspect of the implementation of mental behavioral risk factors becomes relevant. 

The analysis of scientific literature for the period from 2009 to 2021 in the scientometric databases WoS, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, RSCI was carried out. 59 scientific reports were selected for a systematic review. Modern molecular genetic studies often reveal connections between a specific gene and a wide range of mental brain functions related to different levels of individuality. In the scientific literature, this is explained by the fact that a significant part of the genes is expressed in most brain structures and can be included in various neural systems that provide mental activity. Many gene polymorphisms are established to determine the neurobiology of maturation of the main structures of the brain, which indirectly determines the behavioral risks and risks of substance use over adolescence. 

Conclusion

Conclusion. Individual genetic polymorphisms affect multidimensional and heterogeneous behavior and character traits, based on neurobiological processes. The study of the effect of gene polymorphism on brain function is highly relevant and promising for research in this area.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The author declares no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received

Received: November 11, 2021 / Accepted: April 12, 2022 / Published: April 30, 2022

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.