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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-1-6-12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-223</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEM-SOLVING ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Геномные, транскриптомные и протеомные технологии как современный инструмент диагностики нарушений здоровья, ассоциированных с воздействием факторов окружающей среды</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic technologies as a modern tool for health disorders diagnostics, associated with the impact of environmental factors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-1145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitseva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8013-9613</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Землянова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zemlianova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-3145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгих</surname><given-names>Олег Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgikh</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, зав. отделом иммунобиологических методов диагностики ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения», 614045, Пермь.</p><p>e-mail: oleg@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSci., head of the Department of immunobiological diagnostic methods, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: oleg@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oleg@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies of Federal Service on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare Supervision</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>99</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зайцева Н.В., Землянова М.А., Долгих О.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зайцева Н.В., Землянова М.А., Долгих О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zaitseva N.V., Zemlianova M.A., Dolgikh O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/223">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/223</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. На сегодняшний день актуальным является использование современных критических технологий для задач выявления и оценки негативных эффектов, ассоциированных с воздействием химических веществ, на стадиях донозологических изменений, что позволяет повысить эффективность раннего выявления развития предпатологических состояний до наступления выраженных функциональных изменений и развития болезни. Одним из наиболее перспективных подходов является использование методов молекулярной диагностики на основе технологий геномного, транскриптомного и протеомного анализа.</p><p>Цель работы – анализ аспектов и практического использования возможностей современных критических технологий (геномные, транскриптомные и протеомные технологии) при выполнении медико-биологических и экспериментальных исследований для задач идентификации биомаркёров негативных эффектов химических факторов риска на примере условий экспозиции соединениями алюминия.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Анализ протеома осуществлялся методом двухмерного электрофореза, полиморфизма аллелей и генотипов кандидатных генов методом ПЦР в режиме реального времени. Оценка состояния транскриптома выполнялась по результатам изучения экспрессии гена. Изучение экспрессии мембранных и сывороточных белков производилось методами биохимического и иммунологического анализа. Статобработка результатов осуществлялась в системах «ГенКалькулятор» и «Ген Эксперт» и онлайн-программе «SNPStats».</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Результаты использования технологий протеомного анализа позволили идентифицировать белки аннексин-13, SH3-доменный белок-RF3, катепсин L1 и соответственно гены CTSL, SH3RF3, THO комплексная субъединица 2 в качестве омик-маркёров аэрогенной экспозиции неорганических соединений. Результаты анализа полиморфизма генов у населения, экспонированного амфотерными металлами, позволили установить изменённую частотность вариантных аллелей и генотипов генов: иммунной регуляции – TLR4 (толл-подобный рецептор); сосудистых факторов – eNOS rs1799983 (эндотелиальная NOсинтаза); детоксикации – копропорфириногеноксидазы CPOX (rs1131857), цитохрома р450 CYP1A1 (rs 1048943); нейро-гуморальной регуляции ANKK1 rs1800497 (ген дофаминового рецептора) и HTR2A rs7997012 (ген серотонинового рецептора). Результаты анализа экспрессии генов позволили за счёт выделения специфических клеточных фенотипов CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, экспрессирующих ген протеомного профиля плазмы крови липопротеина А (ген LPA), установить индуцированные воздействием амфотерных металлов их негативные транскриптомные эффекты.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Полученные результаты корреспондируются с данными ряда научных исследований, отмечающих важность идентификации полиморфных отклонений генов, определяющих индивидуальный риск нарушений здоровья в условиях многообразия воздействующих на человека стрессорных факторов среды обитания. Минорные генотипы кандидатных генов в условиях избыточной контаминации компонентами загрязнения окружающей среды достоверно увеличивают риск отклонений показателей иммунной регуляции, что модифицирует механизмы апоптоза, имеющие ключевое значение для формирования атопии и онкопролиферации.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Использование геномных, транскриптомных и протеомных технологий как современного инструментария диагностики нарушений здоровья позволило обосновать перечень приоритетных омик-маркёров экспозиции и эффекта, ассоциированных с аэрогенным воздействием амфотерных металлов, оказывающих модифицирующее влияние на патогенетические механизмы формирования нарушения функций нервной и иммунной систем, детоксикации 1-й и 2-й её фазы, вероятности развития сосудистых нарушений и онкопролиферативных процессов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Today, it is relevant to use modern critical technologies for identifying and evaluating the negative effects associated with the effects of chemicals at the stages of pre-nosological changes. This improves the efficiency of the early detection of progress in pre-pathological conditions prior to the onset of pronounced functional changes and the aggravation of the disease. The use of molecular diagnostic methods based on genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analysis technologies is one of the most promising approaches.</p><p>Aim of the work is an analysis of both aspects and practical use of the modern critical technologies capabilities (genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic technologies) in the implementation of biomedical and experimental studies for the tasks of the detection biomarkers of negative effects of chemical risk factors on the example of exposure conditions with aluminum compounds.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The proteomic analysis was carried out by the method of two-dimensional electrophoresis, polymorphism of alleles and genotypes of candidate genes by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. The transcriptome state was assessed based on the results of gene expression studies. The expression of membrane and serum proteins was studied by biochemical and immunological methods analysis. Statistical processing of the results was carried out in the systems “Gencalculator,” “Gene Expert” and online program “SNPStats”. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The results of using proteomic analysis technologies made it possible to identify proteins annexin-13, SH3-domain protein-RF3, cathepsin L1 and, accordingly, genes CTSL, SH3RF3, THO complex subunit 2 as Ohmic markers of aerogenic exposure of inorganic compounds. The results of the analysis of gene polymorphism in the population exposed to environmental pollution allowed establishing the changed frequency of variant alleles and genotypes of genes: immune control – TLR4 (toll-like receptor); vascular factors – eNOS rs1799983 (endothelial NOsintase); detoxification – coproporphyrinogen oxidase CPOX (rs1131857), cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 (rs 1048943); neuro-humoral regulation of ANKK1 rs1800497 (dopamine receptor gene) and HTR2A rs7997012 (serotonin receptor gene). The results of gene expression analysis made it possible to establish negative transcriptomic effects induced by exposure to amphoteric metals due to the isolation of specific CD4+, CD8+, CD16+ cell phenotypes expressing the proteomic profile gene of blood plasma lipoprotein A (LPA gene). </p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. The obtained results correspond data of a number of scientific studies, noting the importance of identifying polymorphic deviations of genes determining the individual risk of health problems in a variety of stressful environmental factors affecting humans. Minor genotypes of candidate genes under conditions of excessive contamination with amphoteric metal compounds significantly increase the risk of deviations in immune regulation indices, which modifies apoptosis mechanisms, which are crucial for the formation of atopy and onco-proliferation.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The use of genome, transcriptomic and proteomic technologies as a modern tool for the diagnostics of health disorders allowed justifying the set of priority exposition and effect Ohmic-markers, associated with aerogenic effect of amphoteric metals, which have a modifying effect on the pathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of disorders of nervous and immune systems, the 1st and 2nd phase of detoxification, the likelihood of vascular disorders and onco-proliferative processes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полиморфизм генов</kwd><kwd>протеом</kwd><kwd>транскриптом</kwd><kwd>химические факторы риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gene polymorphism</kwd><kwd>proteome</kwd><kwd>transcriptome</kwd><kwd>chemical risk factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">О состоянии санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения в Российской Федерации в 2017 году: Государственный доклад. 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