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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-5-503-510</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-2268</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПЦР-анализ присутствия вирулентных генов в изолятах E. coli из внешней среды в сравнении с изолятами из кала здоровых и больных воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника людей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PCR analysis of the presence of virulent genes E. coli isolates from external environmental in comparison with isolates from feces of healthy people and patients with inflammatory bowel diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7086-0899</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пай</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pay</surname><given-names>Galina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3554-7690</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ракитина</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakitina</surname><given-names>Darya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9133-3665</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панькова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pankova</surname><given-names>Marina N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федец</surname><given-names>З. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedez</surname><given-names>Zlata E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6295-661X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мания</surname><given-names>Тамари Резоевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maniya</surname><given-names>Tamari R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. лаб. микробиологии и паразитологии ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия.</p><p>e-mail: TManiya@cspmz.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher of Microbiology and Parasitology laboratory in the Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russia.</p><p>e-mail: TManiya@cspmz.ru </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tmaniya@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4772-9686</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Загайнова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zagaynova</surname><given-names>Angelika V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7942-8004</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>Sergey M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>503</fpage><lpage>510</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пай Г.В., Ракитина Д.В., Панькова М.Н., Федец З.Е., Мания Т.Р., Загайнова А.В., Юдин С.М., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пай Г.В., Ракитина Д.В., Панькова М.Н., Федец З.Е., Мания Т.Р., Загайнова А.В., Юдин С.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pay G.V., Rakitina D.V., Pankova M.N., Fedez Z.E., Maniya T.R., Zagaynova A.V., Yudin S.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2268">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2268</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Патогенные Escherichia coli являются значительной угрозой здоровью человека. Передача этого патогена осуществляется в том числе через объекты водной среды, окружающие человека.</p><p>Цель исследования — оценка наличия патогенных E. coli в поверхностных и сточных водах. Изоляты из скважин, сточных вод, вод бассейнов и поверхностных водных источников сравнивали с изолятами из кала здоровых людей и людей с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для выявления генетических детерминант потенциальной вирулентности использовали метод ПЦР. Признаками патогенности были выбраны 19 вирулентных генетических детерминант: 11 токсинов, 5 адгезинов и инвазинов и 2 патогенных серотипа. ПЦР-детекцию генов антибиотикорезистентности карбапенемаз и детекцию патотипов E. coli проводили с помощью коммерческих наборов «Амплисенс» согласно протоколу производителя. Проанализировано 47 изолятов E. coli, выделенных из водных объектов окружающей среды (ВООС), 44 изолята из кала практически здоровых людей, 43 изолята из кала больных воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника (ВЗК).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В целом выявлено сходство группы ВООС и группы, выделенной от здоровых людей. В этих группах выявили 2 типа патогенных детерминанант — токсины CNF1, CNF2 и инвазин einv. Значительно отличаются от этих групп изоляты группы ВЗК. Только в этой группе детектированы регулятор адгезии aggR, инвазивный плазмидный антиген ipaH, гемолизин hly и ген антибиотикоустойчивости NDM. Ген CNF1 выявлялся среди ВЗК достоверно чаще, чем в других группах. Единственный выявленный патотип E. coli, энтероаггрегационный, присутствовал исключительно среди изолятов этой группы.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. В рамках данного исследования не удалось сравнить между собой различные объекты внешней среды (поверхностные воды и сточные, объекты очистных сооружений и т. д.) по патогенному бактериальному потенциалу в силу недостаточной представленности каждого типа таких объектов в анализируемой выборке. Это будет предметом наших дальнейших исследований.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Патогенный потенциал изолятов E. coli из водных источников близок к таковому у изолятов из кала здоровых людей.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Пай Г.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, выполнение экспериментальной работы, статистическая обработка, написание текста, редактирование; Ракитина Д.В. — выполнение экспериментальной работы, написание текста, редактирование; Панькова М.Н. — сбор и обработка материала, выделение изолятов и посев культур; Федец З.Е. — сбор и обработка материала, выделение изолятов и посев культур; Мания Т.Р. — редактирование; Загайнова А.В. — редактирование; Юдин С.М. — редактирование. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование проведено в рамках НИР «Разработка технологий криоконсервации и архивирования биообразцов микроэкологических ресурсов человека (шифр «Криобанк»)», № АААА-А18-118020590091-2, НИР «Разработка унифицированных методов, включающих отбор проб, для осуществления определения микробиологического и паразитологического загрязнения сточных вод» (шифр «Сточные воды») № АААА-А21-121011190012-3.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 01.03.2022 / Принята к печати: 12.04.2022 / Опубликована: 31.05.2022</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Pathogenic Escherichia coli presents a real threat to human health. One of the ways of transmission of these isolates is via environmental water sources. Therefore, evaluation of pathogenic potential of E. coli population in water is of great interest. </p><p>Purpose of the study was to compare E. coli isolates from wells, sewers, water pools and surface waters with two control groups — “non-pathogenic” isolates from feces of healthy people and “potentially pathogenic” from feces of people with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). </p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. PCR-assay was used to detect potential virulence genes. 19 E. coli virulence genes were analyzed: 11 toxins, 5 adhesion and invasion proteins and 2 diarrhogenic serotypes. The PCR identification of carbapenemase genes and various E. coli pathotypes was performed with the commercial “Amplisense” kits according to the manufacturer’s instruction. The assay was performed on 47 E. coli isolates from water environmental sources (WES), 44 isolates from feces of “practically healthy” people, 43 isolates from feces from IBD patients. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Isolates from WES were found to be similar to the group of isolates from healthy people. Only 2 types of virulence E. coli were detected in these groups – toxins CNF1 and 2 and invasin einv. IBD group of isolates demonstrated striking difference from the others. Only IBD isolates demonstrated such genes as adhesion regulator aggR, invasive antigen ipaH, hemolysin hly and antibiotic resistance gene NDM. CNF1 gene was found in IBD group significantly more often, than in two other groups. The only pathotype detected in the samples analyzed, enteroaggregative, was limited to the IBD group, too. </p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. To compare the pathogenetic potential of E. coli from human feces and environment, 134 isolates were tested for 19 pathogenic genetic determinants, which is a representative selection. Within the analysis, we were unable to compare bacterial pathogenic potential from various environmental sources (surface waters and sewage, treatment facilities etc.) due to the uneven representation of these objects in the selection. It will be the subject of our future studies.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Pathogenic potential of E. coli isolates from environmental water sources was close to that from healthy human feces.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Pay G.V. — research concept and design, experimental work, statistical processing, text writing, editing. Rakitina D.V. — performing experimental work, writing a text, editing.Pankova M.N., Fedez Z.E. — collection and processing of material, isolation of isolates and sowing of crops.Maniya T.R., Zagainova A.V., Yudin S.M. — editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The research was carried out within the framework of the research work “Development of technologies for cryopreservation and archiving of biological samples of human microecological resources (code“Cryobank”)” No. АААА-А18-118020590091-2, “Development of unified methods, including sampling, for the determination of microbiological and parasitological contamination of wastewater” (code “Wastewater”) No.  АААА-А21-121011190012-3.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: March 1, 2022 / Accepted: April 21, 2022 / Published: May 31, 2022</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Escherichia coli</kwd><kwd>вирулентность</kwd><kwd>металло-β-лактамаза NDM-типа</kwd><kwd>поверхностные воды</kwd><kwd>сточные воды</kwd><kwd>воспалительные заболевания кишечника</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Escherichia coli</kwd><kwd>virulence</kwd><kwd>metallo-β-lactamase NDM</kwd><kwd>surface waters</kwd><kwd>sewage waters</kwd><kwd>IBD</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaper J.B., Nataro J.P., Mobley H.L. 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