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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-6-615-621</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-2307</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К методологии оценки влияния запахов окружающей среды  на население с помощью анкетных опросов (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methodology for assessment the impact of environmental odours on the population according to questionnaire surveys (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гошин</surname><given-names>Михаил Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goshin</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд хим. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены окружающей среды ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: mgoshin@cspmz.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D in Chemical Science, senior researcher, Department of environmental hygiene, Centre for Strategic Planning, of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: mgoshin@cspmz.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mgoshin@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4319-7192</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бударина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Budarina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>615</fpage><lpage>621</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гошин М.Е., Бударина О.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гошин М.Е., Бударина О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Goshin M.E., Budarina O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2307">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2307</self-uri><abstract><p>Представленный в настоящей статье обзор посвящён методическим подходам к оценке с помощью анкетных опросов восприятия населением запахов от промышленных и иных источников, изучению взаимосвязи восприятия запахов с состоянием здоровья и качеством жизни жителей, а также со степенью раздражения запахом. Поиск литературы осуществляли с использованием баз данных Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Global Health, РИНЦ. Как показала многолетняя практика опросов населения, проживающего в районах размещения предприятий — источников выбросов пахучих веществ, раздражение запахами, присутствующими в атмосферном воздухе, представляет собой комплексную реакцию, включающую эмоциональные, поведенческие, а также соматические аспекты. При этом помимо непосредственного воздействия запаха важно учитывать контекстные и личностные факторы, способные ослаблять или усиливать реакцию раздражения. К личностным факторам относятся социально-демографические характеристики респондентов, обеспокоенность состоянием окружающей среды, способы реагирования на ситуацию и субъективная оценка собственного здоровья. Контекстные факторы включают социально-экономические условия жизни населения и другие показатели состояния окружающей среды. Эти факторы формируют блоки, входящие в модель взаимосвязи между воздействием запаха, его восприятием и раздражением, которая составляет основу типовой анкеты для опроса населения. Типовой вопросник состоит из основных и дополнительных вопросов, объединённых в несколько модулей. Вопросы основного модуля, задаваемые во всех случаях и являющиеся обязательными, отражают условия проживания респондентов, факторы окружающей среды (например, шум и запахи), способные, по их мнению, вызывать раздражение, оказывать негативное влияние на здоровье. Вопросы дополнительных модулей («Здоровье», «Изменения поведения», «Обеспокоенность состоянием окружающей среды») задаются в зависимости от контекста и конкретных задач исследования. С помощью данной методологии проведены многочисленные исследования за рубежом, показавшие наличие корреляций между раздражением запахами, возникновением стрессов и появлением симптомов различных заболеваний. В ряде стран выявленный в ходе опросов удельный вес жителей, испытывающих «существенное раздражение» запахами, является критерием для принятия властями и предприятиями определённых управленческих решений по снижению выбросов. Применение анкетных опросов может быть внедрено и в Российской Федерации в районах размещения предприятий — источников выбросов пахучих веществ, в частности в случае наличия запахов в атмосферном воздухе при соблюдении действующего санитарного законодательства.</p><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Гошин М.Е. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста; Бударина О.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания № АААА-А20-120101690059-2.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 01.06.2021 / Принята к печати: 08.06.2022 / Опубликована: 26.06.2022</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article contains the review of methodological approaches to assessment of the perception by the population odours from industrial and other sources, and studying the relationship between the perception of odours with the both the health status and quality of resident’s life, the degree of odour annoyance, using questionnaires. The literature search was carried out using Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Global Health, RSCI databases. The long-term practice of surveys of the population living in areas, where sources of emissions of odourous substances are located, has shown annoyance with odours to be a complex reaction, including emotional, behavioral, and somatic aspects. In addition to the direct impact of the odour, it is important to take into account contextual and personal factors that can weaken or strengthen the annoyance. Personal factors include the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, “environmental worry”, ways of responding to the situation and the subjective assessment of their own health. Contextual factors include the socio-economic conditions of the population and other indicators of the environmental state. These factors form the blocks included in the model of the relationship between odour impact, odour perception and odour annoyance, which is the basis of a standard questionnaire for a population survey. The questionnaire consists of basic and additional questions combined in several modules. The questions of the main module, which are obligatory and asked in all cases, devoted to the living conditions of the respondents, environmental factors (for example, noise and odours) that, in their opinion, can cause annoyance, have a negative impact on health. The questions of the additional modules (“Health”, “Behavioral changes”, “Environmental worry”) are asked depending on the context and specific objectives of the study. Using this methodology, numerous studies have been conducted abroad, which have shown the presence of correlations between the annoyance of odours, the occurrence of stress and the appearance of symptoms of various diseases. In different countries, the proportion of residents who are “significantly annoyed” by odours, is a criterion for authorities and enterprises to make certain management decisions to reduce emissions. The use of questionnaires can be implemented in the Russian Federation, where enterprises being sources of odours are located, in particular, if there is a problem with odours in the atmospheric air, while complying with the current sanitary legislation.</p><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Goshin M.E. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing the text; Budarina O.V. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing the text, editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The research was carried out within the framework of state assignment No. АААА-А20-120101690059-2.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: June 1, 2021 / Accepted: June 6, 2022 / Published: June 26, 2022</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>запах</kwd><kwd>анкетирование</kwd><kwd>здоровье населения</kwd><kwd>раздражение запахом</kwd><kwd>«термометр раздражения»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>odour</kwd><kwd>questionnaire survey</kwd><kwd>population health</kwd><kwd>odour annoyance</kwd><kwd>«annoyance thermometer»</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Odours and Human Health. Environmental Public Health Science Unit, Health Protection Branch, Public Health and Compliance Division, Alberta Health. Edmonton, Alberta; 2017. 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