medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-6-645-648medlit-2312Research ArticleМЕДИЦИНА ТРУДАOCCUPATIONAL HEALTHИспользование индекса трудоспособности (Work Ability Index) в медицине труда (обзор литературы)The use of the Work Ability Index in occupational health (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8890-0921ТрубецковАлексей ДмитриевичTrubetskovAlexey D.

Доктор мед. наук, профессор, вед. науч. сотр. Саратовского МНЦ гигиены ФБУН «ФНЦ медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения», 410022, Саратов.

e-mail: adtrubetskov@gmail.com

MD, Ph.D., DSci., Professor, Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center, Saratov, 410022, Russian Federation.

e-mail: adtrubetskov@gmail.com

adtrubetskov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9772-2901КаменеваА. Д.KamenevaAnna D.noemail@neicon.ruСаратовский медицинский научный центр гигиены ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человекаSaratov Hygiene Medical Research Center2022300620221016645648Copyright © Трубецков А.Д., Каменева А.Д., 20222022Трубецков А.Д., Каменева А.Д.Trubetskov A.D., Kameneva A.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2312

В связи с проблемой старения населения в современном обществе всё большее значение приобретает продолжительная трудовая деятельность. Поддержание трудоспособности сотрудников является одним из эффективных способов решения проблем устойчивости рабочей силы, связанных со старением населения. Для количественной оценки потенциальной возможности продолжения трудовой деятельности по специальности группой исследователей был разработан индекс трудоспособности (Work Ability Index, WAI). Проведён литературный поиск по запросам «индекс трудоспособности», Work Ability Index, WAI в базах данных PubMed, eLibrary и других открытых базах данных на всю глубину с момента появления термина. Предполагается, что в основе WAI лежат два взаимосвязанных фактора: один относится к «субъективной трудоспособности и ресурсам», другой можно рассматривать как «фактор, связанный со здоровьем». Преимуществом метода является то, что он соединяет в себе несколько различных факторов, что должно повышать его прогностическую ценность. Существует корреляция между подшкалами стресса, связанного с работой, и средним баллом WAI. Наряду с возрастом значение имели длительность трудового стажа, активность занятий спортом, качество сна, курение, статус занятости и отношения с руководством и в семье, а также индекс массы тела и наличие болевого синдрома.

Заключение

Заключение. Метод оценки трудоспособности с помощью Work Ability Index является многокомпонентным, связанным с объективными и субъективными факторами. Представляется, что для исследований целесообразно использовать не только итоговую величину показателя, но и отдельные его пункты, а также связь индекса с явлениями профессионального выгорания и самоотбора. Определение величины индекса трудоспособности в различных производственных группах с учётом гигиенических, медицинских и социальных факторов может способствовать разработке методов пролонгирования трудовой жизни, в том числе в пожилом возрасте.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Трубецков А.Д. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи; Каменева А.Д. — сбор материала и обработка данных, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.

Поступила

Поступила: 11.04.2022 / Принята к печати: 08.06.2022 / Опубликована: 26.06.2022

Due to the problem of population aging, a long working life is becoming increasingly important in modern society. Maintaining the working capacity of employees is one of the effective ways to solve the problems of workforce sustainability associated with the aging of the population. To quantify the potential possibility of continuing to work in the specialty, a group of researchers developed the Work Ability Index (WAI). A literary search was conducted for the queries “Work Ability Index”, WAI in PubMed, eLibrary and other open databases to the full depth since the appearance of the term. WAI was assumed to be based on two interrelated factors: one refers to “subjective ability to work and resources”, the other can be considered as a “health-related factor”. The advantage of the method is to combine several different factors, which should increase its predictive value. There is a correlation between the work-related stress subscales and the average WAI score. In addition to age, the duration of work experience, activity in sports, sleep quality, smoking, employment status and relationship with management and family, body mass index, and the presence of pain syndrome were important.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The method of assessing the ability to work using the work ability index is multi-component, related to taking into account objective and subjective factors. It seems that for research it is advisable to use not only the final value of the indicator, but also the individual items that make up it, as well as the relationship of the index with the phenomena of professional burnout and self-selection. Further determination of the value of the index of working capacity in various production groups, taking into account hygienic, medical and social factors, can help prolong working life, including over old age.

Contribution

Contribution: Trubetskov A.D. — concept and design of the study, collection of material and data processing, writing of the text; Kameneva A.D. — collection of material and data processing, editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received

Received: April 11, 2022 / Accepted: June 8, 2022 / Published: June 26, 2022

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.