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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2019-99-1-69-75</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-233</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Физическое развитие студентов высших учебных заведений г. Уфы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Physical development of students in higher educational institutions of the Ufa city</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1720-3253</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбаткова</surname><given-names>Елена Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbatkova</surname><given-names>Elena Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат пед. наук, доцент кафедры охраны здоровья и безопасности жизнедеятельности ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный педагогический университет им. М. Акмуллы», 450000, Уфа.</p><p>e-mail: gorbatkovaeu@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Health and Safety Management, M. Akmulla Bashkir State Pedagogical University, Ufa, 450000, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: gorbatkovaeu@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorbatkovaeu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зулькарнаев</surname><given-names>Т. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zulkarnaev</surname><given-names>T. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахмадуллин</surname><given-names>У. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ahmadullin</surname><given-names>U. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахмадуллина</surname><given-names>Х. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmadullina</surname><given-names>Kh. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хуснутдинова</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khusnutdinova</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мануйлова</surname><given-names>Г. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Manuylova</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбатков</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbatkov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный педагогический университет им. М. Акмуллы»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M. Akmulla Bashkir State Pedagogical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Частное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Восточная экономико-юридическая гуманитарная академия»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Eastern Economic and Legal Humanitarian Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Finance Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>99</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горбаткова Е.Ю., Зулькарнаев Т.Р., Ахмадуллин У.З., Ахмадуллина Х.М., Хуснутдинова З.А., Мануйлова Г.Р., Горбатков С.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горбаткова Е.Ю., Зулькарнаев Т.Р., Ахмадуллин У.З., Ахмадуллина Х.М., Хуснутдинова З.А., Мануйлова Г.Р., Горбатков С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorbatkova E.Y., Zulkarnaev T.R., Ahmadullin U.Z., Akhmadullina K.M., Khusnutdinova Z.A., Manuylova G.R., Gorbatkov S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/233">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/233</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Проведено комплексное гигиеническое исследование, целью которого являлась оценка физического развития, а также условий и образа жизни студентов вузов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В эксперименте приняли участие 1820 обучающихся 4 вузов г. Уфы Республики Башкортостан. Проведена оценка физического развития студентов с использованием сертифицированных приборов. Организовано анонимное анкетирование, направленное на изучение условий и образа жизни студентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что только у 74,7% студентов показатель индекса массы тела находится в пределах нормы. Проведение ранжирования с использованием перцентилей показало, что диапазон показателей силы кисти от до у девушек составил от 22 до 28,5 кг, у юношей – от 40 до 52 кг. У каждого третьего студента выявлено функциональное напряжение механизмов адаптации (31,2%). При проведении анкетирования студентов определён главный «поглотитель времени» для современной молодёжи: среднее время пребывания в социальных сетях в будни составляет 4,8 ± 0,24 ч. Выявлен значительный дефицит ночного сна у студентов: средняя продолжительность ночного сна в будни составляет всего 6,4 ± 0,27 ч. Лишь каждый шестой студент посещает спортивную секцию (17,5%). Определено, что к группе высокого риска для здоровья относятся 14,9% студентов. С помощью информационных нейросетевых технологий разработана концептуальная модель оценки риска для здоровья в зависимости от физического развития, условий и образа жизни студентов, а также предложена система мероприятий, направленная на оптимизацию условий обучения и формирование позитивного гигиенического поведения обучающихся.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Определены негативные изменения в физическом развитии молодёжи: тенденция к астенизации молодёжи, снижение силовых показателей (по сравнению с поколениями обучающихся начала 2000-х годов), уменьшение адаптационных возможностей организма и др. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о необходимости проведения работы, направленной на сохранение и укрепление здоровья студенческой молодёжи.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. One of the most important tasks of Medicine at present is to determine the level of physical health of a person, based on an assessment of physical development. Given the urgency of the problem, we conduct a comprehensive hygienic study, the purpose of which was to assess the physical development, as well as the conditions and lifestyle of university students, with the subsequent development of a system of measures aimed at maintaining and strengthening the health of students.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 1,820 students from 4 universities of the Ufa city, Republic of Bashkortostan. At the first stage, there was performed an assessment of students’ physical development using certified devices. In the second stage of the research, an anonymous questionnaire was organized, aimed at studying the living conditions and lifestyle of the students. In the third stage, a conceptual model was developed for determining health risk groups depending on the physical development, conditions, and lifestyle of students using neural network technologies, as well as a system of measures aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of students.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. While assessing the physical development of students, it turned out that only in 74.7% of students the body mass index is within the normal range. One in seven students has an insufficient body weight (15.1%), and one out of ten students is overweight (10.2%). The average dynamometry (grip strength) among young women is 25.6 ± 0.6 kg, among young men - 45.5 ± 0.8 kg. The ranking using percentiles showed that the range of grip strength indices from Р25 to Р75 among young women is 22.0-28.5 kg, among young men - 40.0-52.0 kg. The balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic influences (according to Kerdo index) is typical for 58.6% of students, one out of four students is prone to sympathicotonia (28.4%). The main “time absorber” for modern student youth has been determined: the average time spent on social networks during weekdays was 4.8 ± 0.24 hours. A significant deficit of night sleep among students has been identified. The average duration of students’ night sleep on weekdays was only 6.4 ± 0.27 hours. Only one-sixth students went in for sports (17.5%). Nutrition has changed for the worse after entering a university in 42.8% of respondents. Based on the study, standards for the physical development of Bashkortostan Republic students were developed and approved by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Using the developed conceptual model for identifying risk groups for student health based on neural network tools, in 14.9% of students sympathicotonia were determined to be considered to be at high risk for health. The system of measures aimed at optimizing the learning environment and formation of positive hygienic behavior of students has been justified, developed and implemented.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Negative changes in the physical development of young people were identified: a tendency toward asthenization in young people, the decrease (over the years of the study at a University) in the number of students with a body mass index within normal limits, and decrease in strength indices (compared to generations of students from the early 2000s). The results obtained indicate to the need for work aimed at maintaining and strengthening the health of students.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>физическое развитие</kwd><kwd>антропометрия</kwd><kwd>функциональные показатели</kwd><kwd>студенты</kwd><kwd>здоровье</kwd><kwd>здоровый образ жизни</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>ценностные ориентации</kwd><kwd>анкетирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>physical development</kwd><kwd>anthropometry</kwd><kwd>functional indicators</kwd><kwd>student health</kwd><kwd>healthy lifestyle</kwd><kwd>prophylaxis</kwd><kwd>value perspectives</kwd><kwd>questionnaire</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Виленский М.Я., Горшков А.Г. Физическая культура и здоровый образ жизни студента. М.: КНО-РУС; 2012. 240 с</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vilenskij M.Ja., Gorshkov A.G. 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