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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-1-85-89</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-236</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспериментальная апробация эффективности биопрофилактического комплекса, направленного на снижение токсических эффектов комбинированного действия свинца и кадмия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>An experimental trial of bioprophylactic formula designed to minimize combined toxicity of both lead and cadmium</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-6737</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Привалова</surname><given-names>Лариса Ивановна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Privalova</surname><given-names>Larisa I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. лаб. научных основ биологической профилактики отдела токсикологии и биопрофилактики ФБУН «ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП» Роспотребнадзора.</p><p>e-mail: privalovali@yahoo.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSci, Head of Laboratory of Scientific Basis for Biological Prophylaxis, Department of the Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: privalovali@yahoo.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">privalovali@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0927-4062</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клинова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klinova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-7845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минигалиева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minigalieva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-0479</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabova</surname><given-names>Iu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-7642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сутункова</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sutunkova</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6819-3185</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макеев</surname><given-names>О. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makeev</surname><given-names>O. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7387-5287</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валамина</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Valamina</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5872-2001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бушуева</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bushueva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8580-403X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьёва</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovyeva</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6475-7753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурвич</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurvich</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8750-9624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кацнельсон</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katsnelson</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский-научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Laboratory of the Ural Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>99</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Привалова Л.И., Клинова С.В., Минигалиева И.А., Рябова Ю.В., Сутункова М.П., Макеев О.Г., Валамина И.Е., Бушуева Т.В., Соловьёва С.Н., Гурвич В.Б., Кацнельсон Б.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Привалова Л.И., Клинова С.В., Минигалиева И.А., Рябова Ю.В., Сутункова М.П., Макеев О.Г., Валамина И.Е., Бушуева Т.В., Соловьёва С.Н., Гурвич В.Б., Кацнельсон Б.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Privalova L.I., Klinova S.V., Minigalieva I.A., Ryabova I.V., Sutunkova M.P., Makeev O.G., Valamina I.E., Bushueva T.V., Solovyeva S.N., Gurvich V.B., Katsnelson B.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/236">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/236</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Повышение устойчивости организма к комбинированному действию свинца и кадмия (включая системную токсичность, кардиоваскулярные эффекты и генотоксичность) с помощью теоретически обоснованного и экспериментально апробированного комплекса безвредных биопротекторов является актуальной задачей, однако информационный поиск не обнаружил примеров испытания или хотя бы теоретического обоснования средств биологической защиты от более широкого спектра неблагоприятных эффектов рассматриваемой комбинации.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Эксперимент был проведён на аутбредных крысах-самцах, получавших повторные внутрибрюшинные инъекции водных растворов оксида свинца и хлорида кадмия 3 раза в неделю в течение 6 нед. По завершении экспозиции состояние организма крыс во всех группах оценивалось по большому числу (свыше пятидесяти) общепризнанных критериев токсического действия (включая биохимические и гистоморфометрические). Для оценки генотоксического действия in vivo использовали ПДАФ-анализ. Статистический анализ полученных результатов проводился с использованием t-критерия Стьюдента.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Нами обнаружено снижение на фоне приёма биопрофилактических средств общетоксического действия по ряду общепринятых критериев. Ослаблено генотоксическое действие комбинации свинца и кадмия, оцениваемое по коэффициенту фрагментации ядерной ДНК клеток при помощи ПДАФ-анализа. Показан положительный эффект комплекса биопротекторов по гистоморфометрическим показателям комбинированной гепато- и нефротоксичности свинца и кадмия. Обнаружено однозначное снижение концентрации обоих металлов в крови тех крыс, на которых они воздействовали на фоне назначения биопрофилактического комплекса. На фоне введения свинцово-кадмиевой комбинации при добавлении к этой комбинации компонентов биопрофилактического комплекса статистически значимое уменьшение средней толщины кардиомиоцита несколько нивелировалось.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Таким образом, разработан и экспериментально успешно апробирован способ профилактики многонаправленного комбинированного вредного действия ионов свинца и кадмия, включая общетоксическое, органотоксическое (в том числе кардиоваскулярные эффекты) и генотоксическое действие.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The increase in the body resistance to the combined effects of lead and cadmium (including systemic toxicity, cardiovascular effects, and genotoxicity) by using a specific bioprotective formula (based on theoretical knowledge and experimental research) remains a pressing challenge. However, a data search has not yielded any results on either an experimental trial or a theoretical justification of the means of biological protection against a variety of adverse effects caused by Pb and Cd combination.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The experiment was conducted on the outbred male rats. The animals received repeated intraperitoneal injections of water solutions of lead acetate and cadmium chloride, 3 times per week for 6 weeks. After the exposition was completed, more than 50 indices of toxic exposure (including biochemical and histo-morphological ones) were estimated in all groups of the tested animals. To assess the genotoxic effect of “in vivo” there was used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. Statistical analysis was done using Student’s t-test.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. We found the administration of the bioprotective formula to improve the indices of general toxicity. Genotoxicity studied using AFLP analysis of blood cells DNA was shown to be mitigated. Histo-morphological indices of Pb+Cd hepato- and nephrotoxicity improved under a bioprotective complex (BPC) administration. Blood Pb and Cd decreased during BPC administration. There was a statistically reliable decrease in the mean diameter of cardiomyocytes associated with Pb+Cd administration. These changes became less apparent with the BPC administration.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. We developed and tested a strategy to mitigate the toxic effects of Pb and Cd at organ and organ system levels, including general toxicity, target organ toxicity (with cardiotoxicity) and genоtoxicity.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>свинец</kwd><kwd>кадмий</kwd><kwd>токсичность</kwd><kwd>биопротекторы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lead</kwd><kwd>cadmium</kwd><kwd>toxicity</kwd><kwd>bioprotectors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Привалова Л.И., Кацнельсон Б.А., Минигалиева И.А., Сутункова М.П., Макеев О.Г., Валамина И.Е. и соавт. Биопрофилактика в системе управления профессиональными рисками, связанными с воздействием металлсодержащих наночастиц. 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