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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-7-741-748</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-2367</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биохимические и иммунологические показатели адаптивного ответа организма в ольфакто-одориметрических исследованиях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biochemical and immunological markers of the adaptive response in olfacto-odorimetric studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0170-3085</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хрипач</surname><given-names>Людмила Васильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khripach</surname><given-names>Ludmila V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. профилактической токсикологии и медико-биологических исследований ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: LKhripach@cspmz.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci, leading researcher of the Department of Preventive Toxicology and Biomedical Research, Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: LKhripach@cspmz.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lkhripach@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4319-7192</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бударина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Budarina</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5279-5018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князева</surname><given-names>Т. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyazeva</surname><given-names>Tatiyana D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4652-1755</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маковецкая</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makovetskaya</surname><given-names>Anna K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4622-8110</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коганова</surname><given-names>З. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koganova</surname><given-names>Zoya I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5834-678X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрюшин</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andryushin</surname><given-names>Ilya B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентства России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for Strategic Planning, FMBA of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>741</fpage><lpage>748</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хрипач Л.В., Бударина О.В., Князева Т.Д., Маковецкая А.К., Коганова З.И., Андрюшин И.Б., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хрипач Л.В., Бударина О.В., Князева Т.Д., Маковецкая А.К., Коганова З.И., Андрюшин И.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khripach L.V., Budarina O.V., Knyazeva T.D., Makovetskaya A.K., Koganova Z.I., Andryushin I.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2367">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2367</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Цель исследования — методом количественной ольфакто-одориметрии определить, может ли воздействие запахов модельных пищевых одорантов приводить к изменению биохимических и иммунологических показателей, ранее использовавшихся при обследовании населения в районе расположения предприятий пищевой промышленности.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В каждом эксперименте две серии увеличивающихся концентраций аэрозоля пищевого ароматизатора (апельсинового, коньячного или кофейного) подавались участникам исследований с помощью ольфактометра ECOMA T08. Состав аэрозолей контролировали методом хромато-масс-спектрометрии. В пробах слюны участников, отбиравшихся до начала, в процессе и по окончании каждого опыта определяли интенсивность люминолзависимой хемилюминесценции, содержание секреторного IgA, ИЛ-1β, ИЛ-6 и ИЛ-8, активность α-амилазы и N-ацетил-β-D-глюкозаминидазы. Для анализа данных использовали парные тесты Фридмана и Уилкоксона с поправкой Бонферрони на проблему множественных сравнений.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Найдено достоверное влияние запаха пищевых одорантов только на один показатель – активность α-амилазы слюны — при объединении данных 5 отдельных экспериментов (n = 45): 93,3 [24,3; 160] Е/мл в конце опытов против фоновых значений 109,9 [42,5; 216,7] Е/мл; p = 0,0096 при уровне значимости р = 0,05/3 = 0,017. Показано, что под снижением средневыборочных значений активности α-амилазы слюны скрываются разнонаправленные изменения индивидуальных значений: увеличение активности у людей с более низкими фоновыми значениями (ниже медианы исходного распределения) и доминирующее по амплитуде снижение у людей с более высокими фоновыми значениями (выше медианы). Выявленный фенотипический полиморфизм регуляции α-амилазы вносит вклад в одно из актуальных направлений постковидного периода — изучение способности людей воспринимать запахи и реагировать на них.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Использование ольфакто-одориметрии для изучения влияния запахов на показатели состояния организма перспективно, но требует разработки протоколов с увеличенным временем экспозиции.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Снижение активности α-амилазы слюны с характерным опережающим сдвигом верхнего квартиля может быть признаком рефлекторной реакции населения на выброс компонентов, обладающих запахом, в районах расположения предприятий пищевой промышленности.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Хрипач Л.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, математическая обработка и интерпретация результатов, написание текста статьи; Бударина О.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования; Князева Т.Д. — оценка биохимических и иммунологических показателей в пробах слюны; Маковецкая А.К. — оценка иммунологических показателей в пробах слюны; Коганова З.И. — оценка биохимических показателей в пробах слюны; Андрюшин И.Б. — проведение ольфактометрии. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование проведено в рамках выполнения Госзадания ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 16.05.2022 / Принята к печати: 08.06.2022 / Опубликована: 31.07.2022</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the study is to determine whether exposure to odours of model food odourants can lead to a change in biochemical and immunological parameters that we previously used when examining the population in the area of food industry enterprises location using the method of quantitative olfacto-odorimetry.</p><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The specified concentrations of aerosols of three food flavours (orange, cognac and coffee) were supplied to the participants of the studies with a help of ECOMA T08 olfactometer. Quantitative composition of the aerosols was controlled by GC/MS. In participants saliva samples taken before, during and at the end of each experiment, the intensity of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, the content of secretory IgA, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, the activity of α-amylase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase were determined. For data analysis, paired Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used with Bonferroni correction for the problem of multiple comparisons.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A reliable effect of the smell of food odourants was found on one indicator only — the activity of salivary α-amylase – when combining data from 5 separate experiments (n=45): 93.3[24.3;160.0] U/ml at the end of the experiments against background values of 109.9 [42.5; 216.7] U/ml;, p=0.0096 with a significance level of p=0.05/3=0.017. A decrease in the average values of salivary α-amylase activity was shown to hide opposite changes in individual values: an increase in activity in people with low background values (below the median of the initial distribution) and an amplitude-dominant decrease — in people with high background values (above median). The revealed phenotypic polymorphism of α-amylase regulation contributes to one of relevant Post-COVID areas — the study of the ability of people to perceive odours and react to them.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The use of olfacto-odorimetry to study effect of odours on human health indicators is promising, but requires design of protocols with extended exposure time.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A decrease in average values of salivary α-amylase activity with distinctive forestall of the upper quartile may be a sign of human reflex response to the emission of odourous substances in the areas of food industry.</p></sec><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions: Khripach L.V. — research concept and design, determination of biochemical and immunological markers in saliva samples; Budarina O.V. — research concept and design; Knyazeva T.D. — determination of biochemical and immunological markers in saliva samples; Makovetskaya A.K. — determination of biochemical and immunological markers in saliva samples; Koganova Z.I. — determination of biochemical and immunological markers in saliva samples; Andryushin I.B. — olfactometry. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study was carried out as part of the State Assignment of the Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: May 16, 2022 / Accepted: June 08, 2022 / Published: July 31, 2022</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пищевые ароматизаторы</kwd><kwd>ольфакто-одориметрия</kwd><kwd>смешанная слюна</kwd><kwd>α-амилаза</kwd><kwd>люминолзависимая хемилюминесценция</kwd><kwd>ИЛ-1β</kwd><kwd>ИЛ-6</kwd><kwd>ИЛ-8</kwd><kwd>секреторный IgA</kwd><kwd>N-ацетил-глюкозаминидаза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>food odorants</kwd><kwd>olfacto-odorimetry</kwd><kwd>mixed saliva</kwd><kwd>α-amylase</kwd><kwd>luminol-dependent chemiluminescence</kwd><kwd>IL-1β</kwd><kwd>IL-6</kwd><kwd>IL-8</kwd><kwd>secretory IgA</kwd><kwd>N-acetyl-glucosaminidase</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Семутникова Е.Г., Яровая С.К. 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