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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-7-787-792</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-2375</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Осведомлённость подростков о депрессивных состояниях, методах их профилактики и коррекции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Awareness about depressive conditions, methods of their prevention and correction in adolescents</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0766-4312</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобрищева-Пушкина</surname><given-names>Наталия Дмитриевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobrisheva-Pushkina</surname><given-names>Natalia D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры экологии человека и гигиены окружающей среды ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)», 119435, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: nbobrishevapushkina@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, associate Professor I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University) Moscow,119991, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: nbobrishevapushkina@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nbobrishevapushkina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8065-5503</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>Lubov Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2799-0254</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>Olga L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5141-1841</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисова</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisova</surname><given-names>Elena L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2302-3008</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитенко</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitenko</surname><given-names>Elena I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7594-8336</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирпиченкова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirpichenkova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6838-5398</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2294-7444</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korolev</surname><given-names>Aleksei A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>787</fpage><lpage>792</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бобрищева-Пушкина Н.Д., Кузнецова Л.Ю., Попова О.Л., Денисова Е.Л., Никитенко Е.И., Кирпиченкова Е.В., Петрова Е.С., Королев А.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бобрищева-Пушкина Н.Д., Кузнецова Л.Ю., Попова О.Л., Денисова Е.Л., Никитенко Е.И., Кирпиченкова Е.В., Петрова Е.С., Королев А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bobrisheva-Pushkina N.D., Kuznetsova L.Y., Popova O.L., Denisova E.L., Nikitenko E.I., Kirpichenkova E.V., Petrova E.S., Korolev A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2375">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2375</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. По данным ВОЗ, отмечается увеличение распространённости депрессивных расстройств во всех возрастных группах. Подростки являются группой риска развития депрессий, фактор риска — низкий уровень знаний об этих расстройствах.</p><p>Цель исследования — изучение распространённости депрессивных состояний и уровня знаний о них у старших школьников в динамике 4 лет для совершенствования образовательных программ по профилактике депрессий.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Анонимное добровольное анкетирование было проведено в два этапа с интервалом 4 года в Московском регионе среди учащихся 8–11-х классов общеобразовательных учреждений: на первом этапе были опрошены 324 респондента, на втором этапе — 251. Выраженность депрессивных состояний оценивали с использованием госпитальной шкалы тревоги и депрессии HADS. С помощью анкеты были изучены уровень знаний и источники информации о депрессиях. Проведена статистическая обработка материалов c расчётом величин относительного риска, достоверности различий (при степени вероятности более 0,95) с использованием Microsoft Excel 365.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Распространённость депрессивных состояний у школьников в 2014 г. составила 20,4%, в 2018-м — 21,1%. За время наблюдения достоверно снизилось число учащихся, считающих, что ничего не следует предпринимать в случае депрессии, и возросло число школьников, готовых обратиться к психологу. Остаётся низким число школьников, готовых обратиться к врачу, не изменилось число подростков, считающих возможным самолечение. Основным источником информации о депрессиях остаётся интернет, помощь профессионального сообщества используется недостаточно. Эффективными способами самокоррекции депрессивных состояний оказались обсуждение проблем настроения с окружающими и физическая активность.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Исследование имеет возрастные (подростки 14–17 лет), региональные (Московский регион) и образовательные (обучающиеся средних общеобразовательных организаций) ограничения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявлены высокая распространённость депрессивных проявлений, недостаточные знания учащихся в этой области, что требует регулярного мониторинга осведомлённости школьников и коррекции образовательных программ.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование проводилось в соответствии с этическими и правовыми стандартами, изложенными в Хельсинкской декларации Всемирной медицинской ассоциации, одобрено локальным этическим комитетом Сеченовского Университета. Согласие родителей и администрации образовательных учреждений было получено во всех случаях.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Бобрищева-Пушкина Н.Д. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала, написание текста; Кузнецова Л.Ю., Попова О.Л., Денисова Е.Л., Никитенко Е.И. — сбор и обработка материала; Кирпиченкова Е.В., Петрова Е.С. — анализ литературных данных, статистическая обработка материала; Королев А.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 06.05.2022 / Принята к печати: 08.06.2022 / Опубликована: 31.07.2022</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. According to WHO, there is an increase of depressive disorders in all age groups. The risk group of depression is adolescents, the risk factor is the low level of knowledge about it.</p><p>The aim was to study the prevalence of depressive states, the level of literacy about depression among schoolchildren for improving educational programs.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. An anonymous voluntary survey was conducted in two stages with an interval of 4 years in the Moscow region among students in grades 8–11 of educational institutions. At the first stage, three hundred twenty-four respondents were interviewed, at the second stage — 251 one. The severity of depression was assessed using the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), with the help of the questionnaire the level of depression literacy was studied. Statistical processing was carried out with the calculation of relative risk values, reliability of differences (with a probability degree of more than 0.95) using Microsoft Excel 365.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The prevalence of depression in 2014 was 20.4%, in 2018 — 21.1%. During the observation the number of students who believe that nothing should be done in the case of depressive symptoms has significantly decreased, the number of students who are ready to visit a psychologist has significantly increased, the number of schoolchildren who were willing to see a medical doctor and who consider self-treatment possible has not changed. The main source of knowledge remains the Internet, help from the professional community is underused. Discussing mood problems with others and using physical activity turned out to be effective for self-corrected depressive states.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study has age (14–17years), regional and educational (students of schools) restrictions.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Revealed high prevalence of depressive manifestations among schoolchildren and their insufficient knowledge requires correction of educational programs and regular monitoring of their awareness.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical and legal standards set out in the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association. The local ethics committee of the Sechenov University approved this study. The consent of parents and the administration of educational institutions was obtained in all cases.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Bobrisheva-Pushkina N.D. — the concept and design of the study, collection of material, writing a text; Kuznetsova L.Yu., Popova O.L., Denisova E.L., Nikitenko E.I. — collection and processing of material; Kirpichenkova E.V., Petrova E.S. — literature data analysis, statistical processing; Korolev A.A. — the concept and design of the study, editing, approval of the manuscript final version. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: May 06, 2022 / Accepted: June 08, 2022 / Published: July 31, 2022</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>старшие школьники</kwd><kwd>осведомлённость школьников о депрессиях</kwd><kwd>совершенствование образовательной работы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>older students</kwd><kwd>schoolchildren’s awareness of depression</kwd><kwd>improvement of educational work</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO. Depression and other Common Mental Disorders. Global Health Estimates. Geneva; 2017. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/254610/WHO-MSD-MER-2017.2-eng.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO. Depression and other Common Mental Disorders. Global Health Estimates. 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