medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-1-103-108medlit-239Research ArticleЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯPOPULATION HEALTHАнализ комбинированной субхронической токсичности свинца и кадмия по их действию на сердечно-сосудистую системуStudying combined subchronic toxicity of lead and cadmium with a special focus in terms of their cardiovascular effectshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1871-8593МинигалиеваИльзира АмировнаMinigalievaIlzira A.

Кандидат биол. наук, зав. лаб. промышленной токсикологии ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург.

e-mail: Ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru

MD, Ph.D., head of the Laboratory of industrial toxicology of Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation.

e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru

Ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0927-4062КлиноваС. В.KlinovaS. V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6718-3217ПановВ. Г.PanovV. G.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-7642СутунковаМ. П.SutunkovaM. P.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6475-7753ГурвичВ. Б.GurvichV. B.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-6737ПриваловаЛ. И.PrivalovaL. I.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7387-5287ВаламинаИ. Е.ValaminaI. E.noemail@neicon.ruФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский-научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» РоспотребнадзораYekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial WorkersФБУН «Институт промышленной экологии» УрО РАНInstitute of Industrial Ecology, the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesЦентральная научно-исследовательская лаборатория Уральского государственного медицинского университетаCentral Research Laboratory, Ural State Medical University202030012020991103108Copyright © Минигалиева И.А., Клинова С.В., Панов В.Г., Сутункова М.П., Гурвич В.Б., Привалова Л.И., Валамина И.Е., 20202020Минигалиева И.А., Клинова С.В., Панов В.Г., Сутункова М.П., Гурвич В.Б., Привалова Л.И., Валамина И.Е.Minigalieva I.A., Klinova S.V., Panov V.G., Sutunkova M.P., Gurvich V.B., Privalova L.I., Valamina I.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/239Введение

Введение. Воздействие свинца и кадмия является важным фактором риска для здоровья работающих в медеплавильном производстве. Многочисленные эпидемиологические исследования выявили связь между воздействием свинца и кадмия и последующим развитием гипертонии и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. В эксперименте исследовано свыше 50 физиологических, цитологических, морфологических (с морфометрией отдельных органов) и биохимических показателей состояния организма контрольных и подопытных животных в конце экспозиционного периода (6 нед), на протяжении которого проводилось наблюдение за общим состоянием крыс. Проведено математическое моделирование комбинированного действия свинца и кадмия по некоторым показателям состояния организма животных с помощью методики поверхности отклика.

Результаты

Результаты. Получено дополнительное подтверждение ранее обоснованных постулатов о типологической неоднозначности комбинированной токсичности, которая зависит от того, какой именно эффект рассматривается, от его уровня и от соотношения действующих доз, и, таким образом, для одной и той же токсической комбинации может варьировать от синергизма до противонаправленности. В том же эксперименте нами впервые показана неоднозначность комбинированного действия также и по показателям кардиоваскулярной токсичности (регистрация электрокардиограммы и измерение артериального давления). По большинству показателей электрокардиограммы тип комбинированного действия свинца и кадмия может быть расценен как аддитивный, но по амплитуде зубца Р – как противонаправленное действие. В частности, установлено противонаправленное влияние свинца и кадмия на артериальное давление у крыс.

Заключение

Заключение. По результатам субхронического эксперимента при комбинированном воздействии свинца и кадмия на сердечно-сосудистую систему в ионной форме на крысах показана неоднозначность типов комбинированной токсичности.

Introduction

Introduction. Exposure to lead and cadmium is an important risk factor for the health of workers in copper smelters and refiners. Numerous epidemiological studies have revealed a relationship between exposure to lead and cadmium and the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

Material and methods

Material and methods. At the closing stage of the experiment, we registered over 50 characteristics of animals’ health status, including functional, cytological, morphological (with morphometry of certain organs) and biochemical indices. The exposure period accounted for 6 weeks, during which we monitored the general health status of the exposed animals and the control group. Experimental estimates of some of the health indices were used for mathematical modeling of the combined Pb+Cd exposure via Response Surface Methodology.

Results

Results. The obtained results were consistent with our earlier conclusions that there are different types of combined Pb+Cd toxicity. The ultimate interaction of toxic agents is determined by what effect is being considered, the level of the effect, and the ratio of the doses. The same toxic mixture can produce a range of interactions, from synergism to antagonism. In this study, we discovered cardiovascular toxicity indices (ECG, BP) to do also suggest that there are different types of combined Pb+Cd toxicity. Most ECG features suggest a synergistic relationship between Pb and Cd, except for P-wave, which amplitude may be interpreted as an indication of Pb-Cd antagonism. Moreover, the antagonistic relationship between Pb and Cd was established with respect to their effects on blood pressure in rats.

Conclusion

Conclusion. It is shown that there are different types of lead and cadmium combined cardiovascular toxicity in ionic form in rats.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.