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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2019-98-1-5-10</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-244</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEM-SOLVING ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>искусственный интеллект, дополненная и виртуальная реальность: этические, правовые и гигиенические проблемы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Robots, artificial intelligence, augmented and virtual reality: ethical, legal and hygienic issues</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2771-1617</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисов</surname><given-names>Эдуард Ильич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisov</surname><given-names>Eduard I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, проф., гл. науч. сотр. отдела по изучению гигиенических проблем в медицине труда ФГБНУ «НИИ медицины труда имени академика Н.Ф. Измерова».</p><p>e-mail: denisov28@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., DSci., Professor, Chief researcher, of the Department for the study of hygienic problems in occupational health of the N.F. Izmerov Research Institute of Оccupational Health ".</p><p>e-mail: denisov28@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denisov28@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «НИИ медицины труда имени академика Н.Ф. Измерова»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.F. Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>10</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Денисов Э.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Денисов Э.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Denisov E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/244">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/244</self-uri><abstract><p>Цифровая революция ставит перед гигиенистами новые задачи. С гигиенических позиций рассмотрена сущность цифровизации экономики и общества, а также этические проблемы и проекты правового регулирования роботизации, систем искусственного интеллекта (ИИ), дополненной и виртуальной реальности (ДВР). Цель работы - анализ цифровизации с позиций информационной гигиены, а также правового регулирования этих новых технологий для их гигиенической регламентации. Приведён спектр воззрений корифеев естествознания и медицины по этико-философским вопросам общества, труда и гигиены. Из 23 Азиломарских принципов безопасной, продуктивной и нравственной разработки систем ИИ выбраны 7 гигиенически значимых, которые могут служить научной основой для гигиенической оценки киберфизических систем. Рассмотрены вопросы правового регулирования роботизации и ИИ на примере проекта ЮНЕСКО и резолюции Европарламента, а также проектов законов Великобритания и США. Отмечено предложение российских специалистов по категории роботов с высоким риском и презумпции опасности сознательного взаимодействия с ИИ. Рассмотрена терминология по роботам и роботам для совместных работ в сферах быта, медицины и здравоохранения. Приведено предложение по формированию дружественного поведения робота для реализации этических норм робототехники на благо человека. Проанализированы системы ДВР, используемые в образовании, промышленности, архитектуре, здравоохранении и медицинских науках, а также для развлечений. Рассмотрены факторы риска ДВР и симптоматика болезни движения как формы их проявления. Основной является теория сенсорного конфликта и активация опто-вестибуло-спинальной системы; говорят о возможности «болезни виртуальной реальности». Систематизированы возможные расстройства организма человека при использовании устройств ДВР и медицинские противопоказания, а также требования охраны здоровья и безопасности. Наработки информационной гигиены могут служить инструментом сохранения здоровья работников и населения в цифровую эпоху. Отмечено, что роботы и системы ИИ требуют гигиенической оценки. Особого внимания заслуживают системы ДВР, создающие специфические риски для здоровья, особенно уязвимых групп работников и населения. Необходима разработка методов и критериев оценки киберфизических систем на основе развития информационной гигиены и специализированной гигиенической регламентации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The digital revolution poses new challenges for hygienists. From hygienic positions, the essence of digitalization of economy and society, and also ethical problems and projects of legal regulation of robotics, systems of artificial intelligence (AI), augmented and virtual reality (AR-VR) are considered. The aim of the work is the analysis of digitalization from the standpoint of information hygiene, as well as the legal regulation of these new technologies for their hygienic regulation. The range of views of the luminaries of Natural Sciences and Medicine on ethical and philosophical issues of the society, labor, and hygiene is given. Of the 23 Asilomar principles of safe, productive, and moral development of AI systems there are selected 7 hygienically significant ones, that can serve as the scientific basis for the hygienic assessment of cyber-physical systems. The issues of the legal regulation of robotics and AI on the example of the UNESCO draft and the European Parliament resolution, as well as draft laws of the United Kingdom and the United States, are considered. The proposal of Russian specialists on the category of high-risk robots and the presumption of the danger of conscious interaction with AI is noted. The terminology on robots and co-robots in the fields of welfare, medicine, and healthcare is presented. The proposal is described to form a friendly behavior of the robot to implement the ethical norms of robotics for the benefit of man. The systems of AR-VR used in education, industry, architecture, health care, medical Sciences, and entertainment are mentioned, as well as risk factors and symptoms of motion sickness as a form of their manifestation are considered. The basic theory is that of sensory conflict and then activation of the optic-vestibular-spinal system; one talks about the "disease of virtual reality". Possible disorders of the human body functions when using AR-VR devices and medical contraindications, as well as health and safety requirements are systematized. The bases of information hygiene can serve as a tool to preserve the health of workers and the population in the digital age. Robots and AI systems are concluded to require hygienic assessment. Special attention should be paid to the AR-VR systems, which create specific health risks, especially for vulnerable groups. The methods and criteria for evaluating cyber-physical systems on the base of information hygiene and specialized hygiene regulations are urgently needed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>роботы</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>этика</kwd><kwd>право</kwd><kwd>дополненная и виртуальная реальность</kwd><kwd>медицинские противопоказания</kwd><kwd>гигиеническая регламентация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>robots</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>ethics</kwd><kwd>law</kwd><kwd>augmented and virtual reality</kwd><kwd>medical contraindications</kwd><kwd>hygienic regulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Настоящее и будущее цифровой трансформации в России. Исследование. 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