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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2019-98-1-11-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-245</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEM-SOLVING ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Алгоритм принятия решений по социальной и медицинской защите в чрезвычайной ситуации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Algorithm of decision-making on social and medical protection in emergency situation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьёв</surname><given-names>Владимир Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soloviev</surname><given-names>Vladimir Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, канд. тех. наук, зав. лаб. анализа техногенных рисков.</p><p>e-mail: soloviev.fmbc@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSci., Head of the Laboratory of technogenic risk analysis of the A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre, Moscow, 123182, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: soloviev.fmbc@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">soloviev.fmbc@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дёмин</surname><given-names>В. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demin</surname><given-names>V. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краснюк</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnyuk</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ГНЦ Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ГНЦ Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России; ФБГУ Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre; National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Соловьёв В.Ю., Дёмин В.Ф., Краснюк В.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соловьёв В.Ю., Дёмин В.Ф., Краснюк В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Soloviev V.Y., Demin V.F., Krasnyuk V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/245">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/245</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Разработка алгоритма принятия решений по социальной и медицинской защите людей в чрезвычайной ситуации на основе анализа риска. </p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Описаны проблемы и концептуальные положения оценки риска и принятия на их основе решений по социальной и медицинской защите персонала опасных производств и населения при возникновении чрезвычайной (аварийной) ситуации (ЧС), в которой уровень воздействия опасных факторов может превысить установленные нормы безопасности. Объектом оценки и анализа риска являются стохастические (вероятностные) эффекты воздействия опасных факторов ЧС. Главной их особенностью, создающей сложные проблемы в оценке риска и принятии решений по защитным мерам, является неспецифичность и возможная латентность эффектов их воздействия на здоровье человека.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Первым шагом в предлагаемом алгоритме принятия решений по защитным мерам должно быть выделение группы повышенного риска среди людей, оказавшихся под воздействием ЧС, на основе оценки риска. Рассмотрены три варианта принятия решений в отношении группы повышенного риска: 1) финансовая компенсация за риск; 2) медицинские меры защиты здоровья; 3) компенсация за реализованный ущерб здоровью. Сформулированы требования к методике оценки риска.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Показано, что первый вариант не может обеспечить оптимальную и обоснованную защиту здоровья и благополучия людей в условиях ЧС. Принятие решений по этой защите предлагается основывать на комбинации вариантов 2) и 3). Выбор оптимальной комбинации зависит от конкретной ситуации возникновения и развития ЧС, от успеха реализации инженерных и организационных защитных мероприятий, направленных на недопущение «доз» воздействия на людей опасных факторов выше установленных пределов и от эффективности и своевременности мероприятий по медицинской защите. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выбор варианта принятия эффективного решения по социальной и медицинской защите должен быть основан на детальной оценке риска воздействия всех опасных факторов ЧС, включая оценку риска в экономических показателях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study. The development of decision-making algorithm for decisions on the social and medical protection of people in emergency situations based on risk analysis. </p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The problems and conceptual provisions of risk assessment and decision-making, based on its results, are described concerning the social and medical protection of personnel of hazardous industries and the population in the event of an emergency situation (ES) in which the level of exposure to hazardous factors may exceed the established safety standards. The object of risk assessment and analysis are stochastic (probabilistic) effects of exposure to ES hazard factors. Their main features, which create complex problems in risk assessment and making decisions on protective measures, is the non-specific effects of the hazardous factors’ impact on human health and their possible latency.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The first step before decisions on the protective measures should be to identify a high-risk group among people affected by ES, based on the risk assessment. Three variants of decision-making for the high-risk group are considered: 1) financial compensation for risk, 2) medical measures for protecting health and 3) compensation for the realized damage to health. The requirements of the risk assessment methodology are formulated.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. It is shown that the first option can not provide optimal and justified protection of the health and well-being of people in ES. Decisions on this protection are proposed to be based on a combination of options 2) and 3). The choice of the optimal combination depends on the specific situation and development of emergencies, on the success of implementing engineering and organizational protective measures aimed at preventing "doses" of exposure to people of hazardous factors of the emergency above the established safety limits and on the effectiveness and timeliness of medical protection.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The choice of the option of making an effective decision on social and medical protection should be based on the detailed risk assessment from the exposure to hazardous factors, including risk assessment in economic indicators. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оценка риска</kwd><kwd>управление риском</kwd><kwd>методика</kwd><kwd>норма безопасности</kwd><kwd>чрезвычайная ситуация</kwd><kwd>группа повышенного риска</kwd><kwd>принятие решений</kwd><kwd>медицинские меры защиты</kwd><kwd>социальные меры защиты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>risk assessment</kwd><kwd>risk management</kwd><kwd>methodology</kwd><kwd>health safety standard</kwd><kwd>emergency</kwd><kwd>high-risk group</kwd><kwd>decision-making</kwd><kwd>medical protective measures</kwd><kwd>social protective measures</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рахманин Ю.А., Демин В.Ф., Иванов С.И. 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