<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-9-1004-1010</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-2541</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка влияния состава микрочастиц атмосферного воздуха на окислительно-восстановительный гомеостаз альвеолярных макрофагов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the influence of the composition of atmospheric microparticles on redox homeostasis of alveolar macrophages</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7582-343X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барскова</surname><given-names>Людмила Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barskova</surname><given-names>Lyudmila S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, мл. науч. сотр. лаб. медицинской экологии и рекреационных ресурсов Владивостокского филиала ДНЦ ФПД — НИИ МКВЛ, 690105, Владивосток.</p><p>e-mail: pretty_people_2016@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Junior Researcher of Laboratory of Medical Ecology and Recreational Resources of Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration — Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Treatment, Vladivostok, 690105, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: pretty_people_2016@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pretty_people_2016@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-9011</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виткина</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vitkina</surname><given-names>Tatyana I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6372-6560</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веремчук</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Veremchuk</surname><given-names>Ludmila V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6413-9840</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гвозденко</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gvozdenko</surname><given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Владивостокский филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания» — Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской климатологии и восстановительного лечения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration - Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Treatment</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>1004</fpage><lpage>1010</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Барскова Л.С., Виткина Т.И., Веремчук Л.В., Гвозденко Т.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Барскова Л.С., Виткина Т.И., Веремчук Л.В., Гвозденко Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Barskova L.S., Vitkina T.I., Veremchuk L.V., Gvozdenko T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2541">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2541</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Компоненты и размерность твёрдых взвешенных частиц (ТВЧ) атмосферного воздуха различаются для территорий и зависят от источников генерации.</p><p>Цель работы — оценить связь качественного и дисперсного состава ТВЧ атмосферного воздуха с окислительными и антиоксидантными процессами в альвеолярных макрофагах.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Смоделировано воздействие реального поликомпонентного загрязнения приземного слоя атмосферного воздуха двух различных по техногенному прессингу территорий на альвеолярные макрофаги (АМ) крыс линии Вистар. Корреляционные связи между характеристиками АМ и загрязнения рассчитаны с помощью коэффициента корреляции Спирмена.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выделен превалирующий вклад качественных характеристик ТВЧ, при увеличении доли мелкодисперсных частиц усиливается влияние дисперсного состава. Частицы металлов вызвали окислительное повреждение липидов с образованием необратимых продуктов, со стороны антиоксидантной системы (АОС) наблюдалась выраженная компенсаторная ответная реакция. Минеральные компоненты оказывали необратимые окислительные повреждения липидных и белковых структур, вызывая интенсификацию образования тиоредоксина. Наибольшее патогенное воздействие, выявленное для частиц сажи, характеризовалось окислительным повреждением липидов, белков, нуклеиновых кислот. Напряжение функционирования АОС сопровождалось увеличением образования окисленного глутатиона и тиоредоксина, осуществляющего восстановление белков и ДНК.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Ограничением является то, что исследование выявило ответную реакцию АМ на конкретной территории.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявленные тенденции характеризуют структуру воздействия состава ТВЧ атмосферного воздуха города на АМ. Исследование позволило выделить наиболее чувствительные критерии отклика АМ при контакте с ТВЧ воздушной среды (тиоредоксин, протеин-карбонил, 8-гидрокси-2›-деоксигуанозин).</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование одобрено Этическим комитетом Владивостокского филиала ДНЦ ФПД — НИИМКВЛ, проведено в соответствии с Европейской конвенцией о защите позвоночных животных, используемых для экспериментов или в иных научных целях (ETS N 123), директивой Европейского парламента и Совета Европейского союза 2010/63/EC от 22.09.2010 г. о защите животных, использующихся для научных целей.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Барскова Л.С. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала; Виткина Т.И. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала; Веремчук Л.В. — статистическая обработка; Гвозденко Т.А. — сбор данных литературы, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи. Все соавторы — написание текста, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Благодарность</title><p>Благодарность. Авторы выражают благодарность к.б.н., доц. Н.Е. Зюмченко; к.б.н., доц. Н.П. Токмаковой; д.б.н., профессору РАН, члену-корреспонденту РАО К.С. Голохвасту.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 30.05.2022 / Принята к печати: 04.08.2022 / Опубликована: 30.09.2022</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The components and dimensions of suspended particulate matter (SPM) depend on territory, the sources of generation.</p><p>The aim is to assess the relationship between the quality and dispersed composition of atmospheric SPMs with oxidative and antioxidant processes in alveolar macrophages.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The impact of actual multi component pollution of the surface layer of atmospheric air on alveolar macrophages (AMs) of Wistar rats was modelled. Correlations between the characteristics of AMs and pollution were assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The predominant contribution of the quality characteristics of SPM has been founded. The effect of the dispersed composition increases with an increase of the finely dispersed particles fraction. Metal particles have caused oxidative damage to lipids, with the formation of stable lipid products. The antioxidant system (AOS) has been characterized by the activation of compensatory response. Mineral components have caused irreversible oxidative damage to lipid and protein compounds, activating the thioredoxin formation. Soot particles have showed the most pathogenic effect, leading to oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The AOS stress was accompanied by an increase in the formation of oxidized glutathione and thioredoxin, which performs restoration of proteins and DNA.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. Our study characterizes the response of the AMs of a particular territory.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The established tendencies characterize the impact of composition of SPMs of the urban atmospheric on AMs. The study made it possible to identify the most sensitive criteria for the response of AMs upon contact with atmospheric SPMs (thioredoxin, protein carbonyl, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine).</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Vladivostok branch of the Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Treatment, conducted in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experiments or for other Scientific Purposes (ETS N 123), Directive of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union 2010/63/EC dated September 22, 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Barskova L.S. — the concept and design of the study, the collection and processing of material; Vitkina T.I. — the concept and design of the study, the collection and processing of material; Veremchuk L.V. — statistical processing; Gvozdenko T.A. — collection of literature data, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article. All authors are responsible for the writing of the text, editing, approval of the final version of the article.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The authors are grateful to PhD, Assoc.prof., N.E. Zyumchenko, PhD, Assoc. prof. N.P. Tokmakova, MD, PhD, DSci., Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Education K.S. Golokhvast.The study had no sponsorship. </p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. </p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: May 30, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 30, 2022 </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микровзвеси атмосферного воздуха</kwd><kwd>органы дыхания</kwd><kwd>корреляция</kwd><kwd>альвеолярные макрофаги</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>micro-suspension of atmospheric air</kwd><kwd>respiratory system</kwd><kwd>correlation</kwd><kwd>alveolar macrophages</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veremchuk L.V., Vitkina T.I., Barskova L.S., Gvozdenko T.A., Mineeva E.E. Estimation of the size distribution of suspended particulate matters in the urban atmospheric surface layer and its influence on bronchopulmonary pathology. Atmosphere. 2021; 12(8): 1010. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12081010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veremchuk L.V., Vitkina T.I., Barskova L.S., Gvozdenko T.A., Mineeva E.E.Estimation of the size distribution of suspended particulate matters in the urban atmospheric surface layer and its influence on bronchopulmonary pathology.Atmosphere. 2021; 12(8): 1010. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12081010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim K.H., Kabir E., Kabir S. A review on the human health impact of airborne particulate matter. Environ.Int. 2015; 74: 136-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim K.H., Kabir E., Kabir S. A review on the human health impact of airborne particulate matter. Environ. Int. 2015; 74: 136–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adams K., Greenbaum D.S., Shaikh R., van Erp Annemoon M., Russell A.G. Particulate matter components, sources, and health: Systematic approaches to testing effects. J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc. 2015; 65(5): 544-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2014.1001884</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adams K., Greenbaum D.S., Shaikh R., van Erp Annemoon M., Russell A.G. Particulate matter components, sources, and health: Systematic approaches to testing effects. J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc. 2015; 65(5): 544–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2014.1001884</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cooper D.M., Loxham M. Particulate matter and the airway epithelium: the special case of the underground. Eur. Respir. Rev. 2019; 28(153): 190066. https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0066-2019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cooper D.M., Loxham M. Particulate matter and the airway epithelium: the special case of the underground. Eur. Respir. Rev. 2019; 28(153): 190066. https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0066-2019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Виткина Т.И., Барскова Л.С., Зюмченко Н.Е., Токмакова Н.П., Гвозденко Т.А., Голохваст К.С. Баланс глутатионзависимых процессов в альвеолярных макрофагах крыс линии Wistar при воздействии твёрдых взвешенных частиц атмосферного воздуха. Гигиена и санитария. 2020; 99(2): 200-5. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-2-200-205</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vitkina T.I., Barskova L.S., Zyumchenko N.E., Tokmakova N.P., Gvozdenko T.A., Golokhvast K.S. Balance of glutathione-related processes in alveolar macrophages under exposure to suspended particulate matter of atmospheric air in of Wistar rats. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2020; 99(2): 200–5. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-2-200-205 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gangwar R.S., Bevan G.H., Palanivel R., Das L., Rajagopalan S. Oxidative stress pathways of air pollution mediated toxicity: Recent insights. Redox Biol. 2020; 34: 101545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2020.101545</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gangwar R.S., Bevan G.H., Palanivel R., Das L., Rajagopalan S. Oxidative stress pathways of air pollution mediated toxicity: Recent insights. Redox Biol. 2020; 34: 101545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2020.101545.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Целуйко С.С., Зиновьев С.В., Огородникова Т.Л. Микрометод культивирования альвеолярных макрофагов - новый способ диагностики бронхиальной астмы. Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания. 2001; (9): 15-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tseluyko S.S., Zinov’ev S.V., Ogorodnikova T.L. Alveolar macrophage culture micromethod – a new technique for bronchial asthma diagnostics. Byulleten’ fiziologii i patologii dykhaniya. 2001; (9): 15–6. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Виткина Т.И., Голохваст К.С., Барскова Л.С., Зюмченко Н.Е., Токмакова Н.П., Гвозденко Т.А. Методологические подходы к экспериментальному исследованию воздействия микроразмерных взвесей атмосферного воздуха. Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания. 2019; 73: 80-6. https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2019-73-80-86</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vitkina T.I., Golokhvast K.S., Barskova L.S., Zyumchenko N.E., Tokmakova N.P., Gvozdenko T.A. Methodological approaches to the experimental study of the effects of micro-dimensional air suspensions. Byulleten’ fiziologii i patologii dykhaniya. 2019; 73: 80–6. https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2019-73-80-86 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barskova L.S., Vitkina T.I., Gvozdenko T.A., Veremchuk L.V., Golokhvast K.S. Assessment of air pollution by small-sized suspended particulate matter in urbanized territories with various technogenic load (on the example of Vladivostok, Russia).Russ. Open Med. J. 2019; 8(3): 0304. https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2019.0304</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barskova L.S., Vitkina T.I., Gvozdenko T.A., Veremchuk L.V., Golokhvast K.S. Assessment of air pollution by small-sized suspended particulate matter in urbanized territories with various technogenic load (on the example of Vladivostok, Russia). Russ. Open Med. J. 2019; 8(3): 0304. https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2019.0304</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Барскова Л.С., Виткина Т.И., Янькова В.И. Метод отбора и анализа проб атмосферного воздуха для определения фракционного состава твердых взвешенных частиц микроразмерного ряда. В кн.: Материалы Международного Форума Научного совета Российской Федерации по экологии человека и гигиене окружающей среды «Экологические проблемы современности: выявление и предупреждение неблагоприятного воздействия антропогенно детерминированных факторов и климатических изменений на окружающую среду и здоровье населения». М.; 2017: 43-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barskova L.S., Vitkina T.I., Yankova V.I. A method for taking and analyzing atmospheric air samples to determine the fractional composition of suspended particulate matter of the microsize range. In: Materials of the International Forum of the Scientific Council of the Russian Federation on Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene «Environmental Problems of Our Time: Identification and Prevention of the Adverse Impact of Anthropogenically Determined Factors and Climatic Changes on the Environment and Public Health» [Materialy Mezhdunarodnogo Foruma Nauchnogo soveta Rossiyskoy Federatsii po ekologii cheloveka i gigiene okruzhayushchey sredy «Ekologicheskie problemy sovremennosti: vyyavlenie i preduprezhdenie neblagopriyatnogo vozdeystviya antropogenno determinirovannykh faktorov i klimaticheskikh izmeneniy na okruzhayushchuyu sredu i zdorov’e naseleniya»]. Moscow; 2017: 43–4. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Голохваст К.С., Паничев А.М., Гульков А.Н., Чайка В.В. Способ приготовления стандартных образцов аэрозолей. Патент РФ № 2525427C2; 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golokhvast K.S., Panichev A.M., Gul’kov A.N., Chayka V.V. Method of preparation of standard samples of aerosols. Patent RF № 2525427C2; 2012. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valavanidis A., Fiotakis K., Vlachogianni T. Airborne particulate matter and human health: Toxicological assessment and importance of size and composition of particles for oxidative damage and carcinogenic mechanisms. J. Environ. Sci. Health. Part C Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev. 2008; 26(4): 339-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/10590500802494538</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valavanidis A., Fiotakis K., Vlachogianni T. Airborne particulate matter and human health: Toxicological assessment and importance of size and composition of particles for oxidative damage and carcinogenic mechanisms. J. Environ. Sci. Health. Part C Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev. 2008; 26(4): 339–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/10590500802494538</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ilgren E.B., Breña M.O., Larragoitia J.C., Navarrete G.L., Breña A.F., Krauss E., et al. A reconnaissance study of a potential emerging Mexican mesothelioma epidemic due to fibrous zeolite exposure. Indoor Built Environ. 2008; 17(6): 496-515. https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X08096610</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilgren E.B., Breña M.O., Larragoitia J.C., Navarrete G.L., Breña A.F., Krauss E., et al. A reconnaissance study of a potential emerging Mexican mesothelioma epidemic due to fibrous zeolite exposure. Indoor Built Environ. 2008; 17(6): 496–515. https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X08096610</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leinardi R., Pavan C., Yedavally H., Tomatis M., Salvati A., Turci F. Cytotoxicity of fractured quartz on THP-1 human macrophages: role of the membranolytic activity of quartz and phagolysosome destabilization. Arch. Toxicol. 2020; 94(9): 2981-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02819-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leinardi R., Pavan C., Yedavally H., Tomatis M., Salvati A., Turci F. Cytotoxicity of fractured quartz on THP-1 human macrophages: role of the membranolytic activity of quartz and phagolysosome destabilization. Arch. Toxicol. 2020; 94(9): 2981–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02819-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Viegas S., Caetano L.A., Korkalainen M., Faria T., Pacífico C., Carolino E., et al. Cytotoxic and inflammatory potential of air samples from occupational settings with exposure to organic dust. Toxics. 2017; 5(1): 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics5010008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Viegas S., Caetano L.A., Korkalainen M., Faria T., Pacífico C., Carolino E., et al. Cytotoxic and inflammatory potential of air samples from occupational settings with exposure to organic dust. Toxics. 2017; 5(1): 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics5010008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen G., Feng Q., Wang J. Mini-review of microplastics in the atmosphere and their risks to humans. Sci. Total Environ. 2020; 703: 135504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135504</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen G., Feng Q., Wang J. Mini-review of microplastics in the atmosphere and their risks to humans. Sci. Total Environ. 2020; 703: 135504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135504</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu M., Halimu G., Zhang Q., Song Y., Fu X., Li Y., et al.Internalization and toxicity: A preliminary study of effects of nanoplastic particles on human lung epithelial cell. Sci. Total Environ. 2019; 694: 133794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133794</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu M., Halimu G., Zhang Q., Song Y., Fu X., Li Y., et al. Internalization and toxicity: A preliminary study of effects of nanoplastic particles on human lung epithelial cell. Sci. Total Environ. 2019; 694: 133794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133794</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Голохваст К.С. Атмосферные взвеси городов Дальнего Востока. Владивосток; 2013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golokhvast K.S. Atmospheric Suspensions in the Cities of the Far East of Russia [Atmosfernye vzvesi gorodov Dal’nego Vostoka]. Vladivostok; 2013. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Styszko K., Samek L, Szramowiat K., Korzeniewska A., Kubisty K., Rakoczy-Lelek R., et al. Oxidative potential of PM10 and PM2.5 collected at high air pollution site related to chemical composition: Krakow case study. Air Qual. Atmos. Health 2017; 10(9): 1123-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-017-0499-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Styszko K., Samek L, Szramowiat K., Korzeniewska A., Kubisty K., Rakoczy-Lelek R., et al. Oxidative potential of PM10 and PM2.5 collected at high air pollution site related to chemical composition: Krakow case study. Air Qual. Atmos. Health 2017; 10(9): 1123–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-017-0499-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamad S.H., Schauer J.J., Antkiewicz D.S., Shafer M.M., Kadhim A.K. ROS production and gene expression in alveolar macrophages exposed to PM2.5 from Baghdad, Iraq: Seasonal trends and impact of chemical composition. Sci. Total Environ. 2016; 543(Pt. A): 739-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.065</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamad S.H., Schauer J.J., Antkiewicz D.S., Shafer M.M., Kadhim A.K. ROS production and gene expression in alveolar macrophages exposed to PM2.5 from Baghdad, Iraq: Seasonal trends and impact of chemical composition. Sci. Total Environ. 2016; 543(Pt. A): 739–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.065</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pardo M., Porat Z., Rudich A., Schauer J.J., Rudich Y. Repeated exposures to roadside particulate matter extracts suppresses pulmonary defense mechanisms, resulting in lipid and protein oxidative damage. Environ. Pollut. 2015; 210: 227-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pardo M., Porat Z., Rudich A., Schauer J.J., Rudich Y. Repeated exposures to roadside particulate matter extracts suppresses pulmonary defense mechanisms, resulting in lipid and protein oxidative damage. Environ. Pollut. 2015; 210: 227–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Веремчук Л.В., Минеева Е.Е., Виткина Т.И. Выбор функциональных методов исследования органов дыхания в оценке риска воздействия городской среды на пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких. Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания. 2018; 68: 23-8. https://doi.org/10.12737/article_5b189048ed62b6.15603461</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veremchuk L.V., Mineeva E.E., Vitkina T.I. Choice of functional methods of study of the respiratory system at the assessment of the risk of the urban environment effect on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Byulleten’ fiziologii i patologii dykhaniya. 2018; 68: 23–8. https://doi.org/10.12737/article_5b189048ed62b6.15603461 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liang C.S., Duan F.K., He K.B., Ma Y.L. Review on recent progress in observations, source identifications and countermeasures of PM2.5. Environ.Int. 2016; 86: 150-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.10.016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liang C.S., Duan F.K., He K.B., Ma Y.L. Review on recent progress in observations, source identifications and countermeasures of PM2.5. Environ. Int. 2016; 86: 150–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.10.016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Totlandsda A.I., Øvrevik J., Cochran R.E., Herseth J.I., Bolling A.K., Lag M., et al. The occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives and the proinflammatory potential of fractionated extracts of diesel exhaust and wood smoke particles. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A Tox. Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. 2014; 49(4): 383-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2014.854586</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Totlandsda A.I., Øvrevik J., Cochran R.E., Herseth J.I., Bolling A.K., Lag M., et al. The occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives and the proinflammatory potential of fractionated extracts of diesel exhaust and wood smoke particles. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A Tox. Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. 2014; 49(4): 383–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2014.854586</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robinson D.L.Composition and oxidative potential of PM2.5 pollution and health. J. Thorac. Dis. 2017; 9(3): 444-7. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2017.03.92</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robinson D.L. Composition and oxidative potential of PM2.5 pollution and health. J. Thorac. Dis. 2017; 9(3): 444–7. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2017.03.92</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krall J.R., Mulholland J.A., Russell A.G., Balachandran S., Winquist A., Tolbert P.E., et al. Associations between source-specific fine particulate matter and emergency department visits for respiratory disease in four U.S. Cities. Environ. Health Perspect. 2017; 125(1): 97-103. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP271</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krall J.R., Mulholland J.A., Russell A.G., Balachandran S., Winquist A., Tolbert P.E., et al. Associations between source-specific fine particulate matter and emergency department visits for respiratory disease in four U.S. Cities. Environ. Health Perspect. 2017; 125(1): 97–103. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP271</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Landsiedel R., Ma-Hock L., Haussmann H.J., Van R.B., Kayser M., Wiench K. Inhalation studies for the safety assessment of nanomaterials: status quo and the way forward. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Nanomed. Nanobiotech. 2012; 4(4): 399-413. https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1173</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Landsiedel R., Ma-Hock L., Haussmann H.J., Van R.B., Kayser M., Wiench K. Inhalation studies for the safety assessment of nanomaterials: status quo and the way forward. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Nanomed. Nanobiotech. 2012; 4(4): 399–413. https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1173</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Noël A., Xiao R., Perveen Z., Zaman H.M., Rouse R.L., Paulsen D.B., et al. Incomplete lung recovery following sub-acute inhalation of combustion-derived ultrafine particles in mice. Part. Fibre Toxicol. 2016; 13: 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-016-0122-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Noël A., Xiao R., Perveen Z., Zaman H.M., Rouse R.L., Paulsen D.B., et al. Incomplete lung recovery following sub-acute inhalation of combustion-derived ultrafine particles in mice. Part. Fibre Toxicol. 2016; 13: 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-016-0122-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamad S.H., Schauer J.J., Antkiewicz D.S., Shafer M.M., Kadhim A.K. ROS production and gene expression in alveolar macrophages exposed to PM2.5 from Baghdad, Iraq: Seasonal trends and impact of chemical composition. Sci. Total Environ. 2016; 543(Pt. A): 739-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.065</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamad S.H., Schauer J.J., Antkiewicz D.S., Shafer M.M., Kadhim A.K. ROS production and gene expression in alveolar macrophages exposed to PM2.5 from Baghdad, Iraq: Seasonal trends and impact of chemical composition. Sci. Total Environ. 2016; 543(Pt. A): 739–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.065</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
