<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-9-1072-1079</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-2552</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ПИТАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOOD HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительная характеристика питания детей школьного возраста с различным пищевым статусом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative nutritional characteristics in schoolchildren with different nutritional status</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2358-2280</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданова</surname><given-names>Ольга Георгиевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanova</surname><given-names>Olga G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. эколого-гигиенических исследований, ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований», 665826, Ангарск.</p><p>e-mail: olga.bogdanova2001@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Environmental and Hygienic Research, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665826, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: olga.bogdanova2001@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.bogdanova2001@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-2147</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефимова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efimova</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0169-4513</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мыльникова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mylnikova</surname><given-names>Inna V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>1072</fpage><lpage>1079</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Богданова О.Г., Ефимова Н.В., Мыльникова И.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Богданова О.Г., Ефимова Н.В., Мыльникова И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogdanova O.G., Efimova N.V., Mylnikova I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2552">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2552</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Целью работы стала оценка фактического питания детей младшего и среднего школьного возраста с различным пищевым статусом, проживающих в промышленном центре Восточной Сибири.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование проводилось среди 540 детей, из них в 1-ю группу включены 145 детей в возрасте 7–10 лет, во 2-ю — 395 детей в возрасте 11–14 лет. Критерии деления на подгруппы для оценки фактического питания были основаны на расчёте Z-scores индекса массы тела/возраста. Анализ полученных результатов был выполнен с помощью общепринятых статистических методов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Анализ результатов исследования свидетельствовал о неоптимальном соотношении критически значимых для здоровья школьников нутриентов, отмечен дефицит белка, углеводов, полиненасыщенных жирных кислот (ПНЖК), омега-3 (ω-3) ПНЖК, профицит жиров, насыщенных жирных кислот (НЖК) и добавленного сахара. Рационы питания мальчиков с высоким индексом массы тела (ИМТ) имели большие значения доли НЖК от общей калорийности, которые превышали оптимальные физиологические нормы в 1-й группе на 52,22% и во 2-й — на 37,68%. У девочек 1-й группы с высоким ИМТ отмечено большее значение доли добавленного сахара к калорийности пищевых рационов — 74,63%.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Наше исследование имело ограниченные возможности, поскольку получение диетической информации осуществлялось с помощью вопросников. Вся информация получена при одномоментном обследовании.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В числе факторов, связанных с нарушением формирования нутриома у обследуемых детей, были несбалансированность пищевых рационов и профицит добавленных сахаров, что демонстрирует необходимость совершенствования стратегий питания на региональном уровне, основанных на данных современных метаанализов.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование проведено с соблюдением требований Хельсинкской декларации Всемирной медицинской ассоциации (1964 г.) и последующих поправок к ней и одобрено локальным этическим комитетом ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований» (протокол № 32 от 10.09.2019 г.).</p></sec><sec><title>Согласие пациентов</title><p>Согласие пациентов. Каждый участник исследования (или его законный представитель) дал информированное добровольное письменное согласие на участие в исследовании и публикацию персональной медицинской информации в обезличенной форме в журнале «Гигиена и санитария».</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Богданова О.Г. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, статистическая обработка, анализ и интерпретация данных, написание текста, редактирование, ответственность за целостность всех частей; Ефимова Н.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, анализ и интерпретация данных, дополнение первого варианта статьи, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи; Мыльникова И.В. — сбор и обработка материала, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания НИР «Изучение механизмов метаболических нарушений и их роли в формировании чувствительности к воздействию производственных факторов» ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований».</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 23.05.2022 / Принята к печати: 04.08.2022 / Опубликована: 30.09.2022</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To assess the state of actual nutrition of children of early and middle school age with different nutritional status in the industrial center of Eastern Siberia.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included five hundred forty children, such as 145 7–10 years children in group I, 395 11–14 years children in group II. The criteria for dividing into subgroups were based on calculating the Z-scores of the body mass index by age. Analysis of the obtained results was performed using generally accepted statistical methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Analysis of the study results indicated a suboptimal ratio of nutrient critical for population health, protein, carbohydrate, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3 (ω-3), fat surplus, saturated fatty acids and added sugar. Dietary patterns of boys with high BMI had large values of the proportion of saturated fatty acids to total calories, which exceeded optimal physiological norms in group I by 52.22% and in group II by 37.68%. Girls of group I with a high BMI had a greater value of the proportion of added sugar to the calorie content of the food diet — 74.63%.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations of the study</title><p>Limitations of the study. Dietary information was obtained through questionnaires, all information was obtained from a one-moment examination.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Some of the factors associated with impaired nutriome formation in the study children were imbalance in dietary patterns and surplus added sugars, which demonstrates the need to improve nutrition strategies at the regional level based on current meta-analyses.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local ethical committee of the East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research (Protocol No. 32 of 10.09.2019).</p></sec><sec><title>Patient consent</title><p>Patient consent. Each participant of the study (or his/her legal representative) gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal "Gigiena i Sanitariya (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal)".</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution:Bogdanova O.G. — study concept and design, material collection and processing, statistical processing of data, data analysis and interpretation, text writing, editing, responsibility for the integrity of all parts; Efimova N.V. — research concept and design, data analysis and interpretation, addition to the first version of the article, final approval; Mylnikova I.V. — material collection and processing, final approval. </p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. </p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. </p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: May 23, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 30, 2022 </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>питание</kwd><kwd>критически значимые нутриенты</kwd><kwd>пищевой статус</kwd><kwd>промышленный центр</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>nutrition</kwd><kwd>critically significant nutrients</kwd><kwd>nutritional status</kwd><kwd>industrial center</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тутельян В.А., Никитюк Д.Б., Батурин А.К., Васильев А.В., Гаппаров М.Г., Жилинская Н.В. и др. Нутриом как направление "главного удара": определение физиологических потребностей в макро- и микроэлементах, второстепенных биологически активных веществах. Вопросы питания. 2020; 89(4): 24-34. https://doi.org/10.24411/0042-8833-2020-10039</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tutelyan V.A., Nikityuk D.B., Baturin A.K., Vasilev A.V., Gapparov M.G., Zhilinskaya N.V., et al. Nutriome as the direction of the “main blow”: determination of physiological needs in macroand micronutrients, minor biologically active substances. Voprosy pitaniya. 2020; 89(4): 24–34. https://doi.org/10.24411/0042-8833-2020-10039 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щепин В.О., Чичерин Л.П., Попов В.И., Есауленко И.Э. Межведомственность в деле охраны здоровья детей и подростков: рекомендации ВОЗ и реалии России. Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук. 2021; 76(1): 93-102. https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn1338</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shchepin V.O., Chicherin L.P., Popov V.I., Esaulenko I.E. Interagency in health care children and adolescents: WHO recommendations and Russian realities. Vestnik Rossiyskoy akademii meditsinskikh nauk. 2021; 76(1): 93–102. https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn1338 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попова А.Ю., Шевкун И.Г., Яновская Г.В., Новикова И.И. Гигиеническая оценка организации питания школьников в общеобразовательных организациях Российской Федерации. Здоровье населения и среда обитания - ЗНИСО. 2022; 30(2): 7-12. https://doi.org/10.35627/2219-5238/2022-30-2-7-12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popova A.Yu., Shevkun I.G., Yanovskaya G.V., Novikova I.I. Hygienic assessment of organizing school nutrition in the russian federation. Zdorov’e naseleniya i sreda obitaniya – ZNISO. 2022; 30(2): 7–12. https://doi.org/10.35627/2219-5238/2022-30-2-7-12 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кучма В.Р., Рапопорт И.К., Сухарева Л.М., Скоблина Н.А., Седова А.С., Чубаровский В.В. и др. Здоровье детей и подростков в школьном онтогенезе как основа совершенствования системы медицинского обеспечения и санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия обучающихся. Здравоохранение Российской Федерации. 2021; 65(4): 325-33. https://doi.org/10.47470/0044-197X-2021-65-4-325-333</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuchma V.R., Rapoport I.K., Sukhareva L.M., Skoblina N.A., Sedova A.S., Chubarovskiy V.V., et al. The health of children and adolescents in school ontogenesis as a basis for improving the system of school health care and sanitary-epidemiological wellbeing of students. Zdravookhranenie Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2021; 65(4): 325–33. https://doi.org/10.47470/0044-197X-2021-65-4-325-333 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Мельниченко Г.А., Мазурина Н.В., Андреева Е.Н., Бондаренко И.З. и др. Междисциплинарные клинические рекомендации «Лечение ожирения и коморбидных заболеваний». Ожирение и метаболизм. 2021; 18(1): 5-99. https://doi.org/10.14341/omet12714</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V., Mel’nichenko G.A., Mazurina N.V., Andreeva E.N., Bondarenko I.Z., et al. Interdisciplinary Clinical Practice Guidelines “Management of obesity and its comorbidities”. Ozhirenie i metabolizm. 2021; 18(1): 5–99. https://doi.org/10.14341/omet12714 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранов А.А., Намазова-Баранова Л.С., Альбицкий В.Ю., Терлецкая Р.Н. Профилактика инвалидности - ведущий приоритет охраны здоровья матери и ребенка. Проблемы социальной гигиены, здравоохранения и истории медицины. 2019; 27(3): 216-21. https://doi.org/10.32687/0869-866X-2019-27-3-216-221</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranov A.A., Namazova-Baranova L.S., Albitskiy V.Yu., Terletskaya R.N. The prevention of disability as a leading priority of caring of mother and child health. Problemy sotsial’noy gigieny, zdravookhraneniya i istorii meditsiny. 2019; 27(3): 216–21. https://doi.org/10.32687/0869-866X-2019-27-3-216-221 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Development Initiatives. 2020 Global Nutrition Report: Action on Equity to End Malnutrition, Bristol. 2020. Available at: https://globalnutritionreport.org/reports/2020-global-nutrition-report/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Development Initiatives. 2020 Global Nutrition Report: Action on Equity to End Malnutrition, Bristol. 2020. Available at: https://globalnutritionreport.org/reports/2020-global-nutrition-report/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abarca-Gómez L., Abdeen Z.A., Hamid Z.A., Abu-Rmeileh N.M., Acosta-Cazares B., Acuin C., et al. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 1289 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 2017; 390(10113): 2627-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abarca-Gómez L., Abdeen Z.A., Hamid Z.A., Abu-Rmeileh N.M., Acosta-Cazares B., Acuin C., et al. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 1289 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 2017; 390(10113): 2627–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants. Lancet. 2020; 396(10261): 1511-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31859-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants. Lancet. 2020; 396(10261): 1511–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31859-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee E.Y., Yoon K.H. Epidemic obesity in children and adolescents: risk factors and prevention. Front. Med. 2018; 12(6): 658-66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-018-0640-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee E.Y., Yoon K.H. Epidemic obesity in children and adolescents: risk factors and prevention. Front. Med. 2018; 12(6): 658–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-018-0640-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar S., Kelly A.S. Review of childhood obesity: from epidemiology, etiology, and comorbidities to clinical assessment and treatment. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2017; 92(2): 251-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.09.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar S., Kelly A.S. Review of childhood obesity: from epidemiology, etiology, and comorbidities to clinical assessment and treatment. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2017; 92(2): 251–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.09.017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Киричук А.А., Рахманин Ю.А., Скальный А.А., Айсувакова О.П., Тиньков А.А., Грабеклис А.Р. и др. Влияние обогащённых продуктов на содержание железа, йода и цинка в рационах учащихся школ республики Таджикистан. Гигиена и санитария. 2020; 99(9): 975-9. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-9-975-979</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirichuk A.A., Rakhmanin Yu.A., Skalnyy A.A., Aysuvakova O.P., Tinkov A.A., Grabeklis A.R., et al. The influence of fortified food products on dietary iron, iodine, and zinc content in Tajik schoolchildren. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2020; 99(9): 975–9. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-9-975-979 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pongutta S., Ajetunmobi O., Davey C., Ferguson E., Lin L. Impacts of school nutrition interventions on the nutritional status of school-aged children in asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2022; 14(3): 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030589</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pongutta S., Ajetunmobi O., Davey C., Ferguson E., Lin L. Impacts of school nutrition interventions on the nutritional status of school-aged children in asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2022; 14(3): 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030589</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Филимонов С.Н., Тапешкина Н.В., Коськина Е.В., Власова О.П., Ситникова Е.М., Свириденко О.А. Состояние фактического питания детей школьного возраста. Гигиена и санитария. 2020; 99(7): 719-24. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-7-719-724</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filimonov S.N., Tapeshkina N.V., Kos’kina E.V., Vlasova O.P., Sitnikova E.M., Sviridenko O.A. State of actual nutrition for children of school age. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2020; 99(7): 719–24. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-7-719-724 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ефимова Н.В., Мыльникова И.В., Туров В.М. Питание школьников, проживающих на городских и сельских территориях Иркутской области. Экология человека. 2020; (3): 23-30. https://doi.org/1033396/1728-0869-2020-3-23-30</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Efimova N.V., Myl’nikova I.V., Turov V.M. Nutrition Patterns in Urban and Rural Schoolchildren of Irkutsk Region. Ekologiya cheloveka. 2020; (3): 23–30. https://doi.org/1033396/1728-0869-2020-3-23-30 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тармаева И.Ю., Пырьева Е.А., Гмошинская М.В., Богданова О.Г., Ткачук Е.А., Нетунаева Е.А. и др. Особенности питания детей школьного возраста в Сибирском федеральном округе. Медицинский совет. 2021; (17): 264-71. https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2021-17-264-271</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarmaeva I.Yu., Pyr’eva E.A., Gmoshinskaya M.V., Bogdanova O.G., Tkachuk E.A., Netunaeva E.A., et al. Nutritional features of school children in the Siberian federal district. Meditsinskiy sovet. 2021; (17): 264–71. https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2021-17-264-271 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мыльникова И.В. Сравнительная оценка рациона питания у детей с нормальной и избыточной массой тела. Вопросы детской диетологии. 2020; 18(2): 31-9. https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2020-2-31-39</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Myl’nikova I.V. Comparative assessment of dietary intake in children with normal weight and overweight. Voprosy detskoy dietologii. 2020; 18(2): 31–9. https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2020-2-31-39 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO. Child growth standards; 2006. Available at: https://www.who.int/tools/child-growth-standards</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO. Child growth standards; 2006. Available at: https://www.who.int/tools/child-growth-standards</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петеркова В.А., Безлепкина О.Б., Болотова Н.В., Богова Е.А., Васюкова О.В., Гирш Я.В. и др. Клинические рекомендации «Ожирение у детей». Проблемы эндокринологии. 2021; 67(5): 67-83. https://doi.org/10.14341/probl12802</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peterkova V.A., Bezlepkina O.B., Bolotova N.V., Bogova E.A., Vasyukova O.V., Girsh Ya.V., et al. Clinical guidelines «Obesity in children». Problemy endokrinologii. 2021; 67(5): 67–83. https://doi.org/10.14341/probl12802 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ludwig D.S., Ebbeling C.B. The carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity: beyond “Calories in, calories out”. JAMA Intern. Med. 2018; 178(8): 1098-103. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.2933</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ludwig D.S., Ebbeling C.B. The carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity: beyond “Calories in, calories out”. JAMA Intern. Med. 2018; 178(8): 1098–103. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.2933</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шевелева С.А., Куваева И.Б., Ефимочкина Н.Р., Маркова Ю.М., Просянников М.Ю. Микробиом кишечника: от эталона нормы к патологии. Вопросы питания. 2020; 89(4): 35-51. https://doi.org/10.24411/0042-8833-2020-10040</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheveleva S.A., Kuvaeva I.B., Efimochkina N.R., Markova Yu.M., Prosyannikov M.Yu. Gut microbiome: from the reference of the norm to pathology. Voprosy pitaniya. 2020; 89(4): 35–51. https://doi.org/10.24411/0042-8833-2020-10040 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baranowski T., Motil K.J. Simple energy balance or microbiome for childhood obesity prevention? Nutrients. 2021; 13(8): 2730. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082730</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranowski T., Motil K.J. Simple energy balance or microbiome for childhood obesity prevention? Nutrients. 2021; 13(8): 2730. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082730</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turcot V., Lu Y., Highland H.M., Schurmann C., Justice A.E., Fine R.S., et al. Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity. Nat. Genet. 2018; 50(1): 26-41. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-017-0011-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turcot V., Lu Y., Highland H.M., Schurmann C., Justice A.E., Fine R.S., et al. Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity. Nat. Genet. 2018; 50(1): 26–41. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-017-0011-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bouchard C. Genetics of obesity: what we have learned over decades of research. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2021; 29(5): 802-20. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23116</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bouchard C. Genetics of obesity: what we have learned over decades of research. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2021; 29(5): 802–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23116</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silventoinen K., Jelenkovic A., Latvala A., Yokoyama Y., Sund R., Sugawara M., et al. Parental education and genetics of BMI from infancy to old age: a pooled analysis of 29 twin cohorts. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2019; 27(5): 855-65. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22451</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silventoinen K., Jelenkovic A., Latvala A., Yokoyama Y., Sund R., Sugawara M., et al. Parental education and genetics of BMI from infancy to old age: a pooled analysis of 29 twin cohorts. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2019; 27(5): 855–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22451</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mayer-Davis E., Leidy H., Mattes R., Naimi T., Novotny R. Schneeman B., et al. Beverage consumption and growth, size, body composition, and risk of overweight and obesity: a systematic review. Alexandria (VA): USDA Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review; 2020. https://doi.org/10.52570/NESR.DGAC2020.SR0401</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mayer-Davis E., Leidy H., Mattes R., Naimi T., Novotny R. Schneeman B., et al. Beverage consumption and growth, size, body composition, and risk of overweight and obesity: a systematic review. Alexandria (VA): USDA Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review; 2020. https://doi.org/10.52570/NESR.DGAC2020.SR0401</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богомолова Е.С., Кузмичев Ю.Г., Олюшина Е.А., Поляшова А.С., Котова Н.В., Бадеева Т.В. и др. Влияние социально-гигиенических факторов на формирование пищевого статуса детей и подростков. Гигиена и санитария. 2016; 95(9): 847-53. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-9-847-853</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogomolova E.S., Kuzmichev Yu.G., Olyushina E.A., Polyashova A.S., Kotova N.V., Badeeva T.V., et al. Influence of sociohygienic factors on the shaping of the nutritional status in children and teenagers. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2016; 95(9): 847–53. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-9-847-853 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blanco M., Veiga O.L., Sepúlveda A.R., Izquierdo-Gomez R., Román F.J., López S., et al. Family environment, physical activity and sedentarism in preadolescents with childhood obesity: ANOBAS case-control study. Aten. Primaria. 2020; 52(4): 250-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2018.05.013 (in Spanish)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blanco M., Veiga O.L., Sepúlveda A.R., Izquierdo-Gomez R., Román F.J., López S., et al. Family environment, physical activity and sedentarism in preadolescents with childhood obesity: ANOBAS case-control study. Aten. Primaria. 2020; 52(4): 250–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2018.05.013 (in Spanish)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pérez-Herrera A., Cruz-López M. Childhood obesity: current situation in Mexico. Nutr. Hosp. 2019; 36(2): 463-9. https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.2116 (in Spanish)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pérez-Herrera A., Cruz-López M. Childhood obesity: current situation in Mexico. Nutr. Hosp. 2019; 36(2): 463–9. https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.2116 (in Spanish)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verduci E., Bronsky J., Embleton N., Gerasimidis K., Indrio F., Köglmeier J., et al. ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Role of dietary factors, food habits, and lifestyle in childhood obesity development: a position paper from the European society for paediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition committee on nutrition. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 2021; 72(5): 769-83. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.000000000000307</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verduci E., Bronsky J., Embleton N., Gerasimidis K., Indrio F., Köglmeier J., et al. ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Role of dietary factors, food habits, and lifestyle in childhood obesity development: a position paper from the European society for paediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition committee on nutrition. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 2021; 72(5): 769–83. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.000000000000307</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
