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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-9-1093-1097</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-2555</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка генотоксичности пищевого красителя Жёлтый «солнечный закат» в микроядерном тесте in vivo</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of the genotoxicity of the food dye Sunset Yellow FCF in a micronucleus test in vivo</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3619-3858</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахальцева</surname><given-names>Людмила Вячеславовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhaltseva</surname><given-names>Lyudmila V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. профилактической токсикологии и медико-биологических исследований ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: LAhalceva@cspmz.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Senior Researcher of the Department of Preventive Toxicology and Biomedical Research of the Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: LAhalceva@cspmz.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lahalceva@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4377-245X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрченко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurchenko</surname><given-names>Valentina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5031-2916</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрцева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurtseva</surname><given-names>Nadezda A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8319-1329</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коняшкина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konyashkina</surname><given-names>Mariya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>1093</fpage><lpage>1097</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ахальцева Л.В., Юрченко В.В., Юрцева Н.А., Коняшкина М.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ахальцева Л.В., Юрченко В.В., Юрцева Н.А., Коняшкина М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Akhaltseva L.V., Yurchenko V.V., Yurtseva N.A., Konyashkina M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2555">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2555</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Пищевой азокраситель Жёлтый «солнечный закат» (Sunset Yellow FCF, Е110) активно используется для придания продуктам питания, фармакологическим и косметическим средствам жёлто-оранжевых оттенков. Контроль потребления, а также качество самих синтетических пищевых красителей волнует исследователей различных стран, в том числе стран — производителей данного сегмента пищевых добавок, используемых и в отечественной пищевой промышленности. Поэтому актуальна оценка безопасности азокрасителей, в том числе на генотоксичность.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Генотоксичность азокрасителя Жёлтый «солнечный закат» (производство Индия, чистота 90,46%) изучена в микроядерном тесте на клетках костного мозга самцов мышей (гибриды F1 CBA × C57Bl6/j). Исследуемый образец двукратно вводили в желудок мышей в интервале доз 250–2000 мг/кг. Частоту полихроматофильных эритроцитов (ПХЭ) с микроядрами (МЯ) оценивали по результатам анализа 4000 ПХЭ. Долю ПХЭ среди всех эритроцитов определяли при анализе 500 клеток на каждое животное.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Не наблюдалось изменения доли ПХЭ при введении азокрасителя Жёлтый «солнечный закат» во всём диапазоне изученных доз. Выявлены достоверное повышение частоты ПХЭ с МЯ над параллельным отрицательным контролем в максимальной дозе, выходящее за пределы верхнего 95%-го ДИ накопленного отрицательного контроля, и линейная зависимость эффекта от дозы.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Полученные данные не позволяют определить механизм генотоксического действия исследуемого вещества.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Изученный образец пищевого красителя Жёлтый «солнечный закат» в условиях двукратного введения проявил слабую цитогенетическую активность в микроядерном тесте in vivo на клетках костного мозга мышей.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование одобрено локальным этическим комитетом НИИ ЭДиТО ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России, проведено в соответствии с Европейской конвенцией о защите позвоночных животных, используемых для экспериментов или в иных научных целях (ETS N 123), директивой Европейского парламента и Совета Европейского союза 2010/63/EC от 22.09.2010 г. о защите животных, использующихся для научных целей.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Ахальцева Л.В. — цитомный анализ, поиск источников литературы, анализ данных литературы, написание текста; Юрченко В.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, работа с животными, приготовление препаратов для цитомного анализа, статистический анализ, анализ данных литературы, написание текста; Юрцева Н.А. — работа с животными, приготовление препаратов для цитомного анализа, цитомный анализ, поиск источников литературы; Коняшкина М.А. — работа с животными, приготовление препаратов для цитомного анализа, поиск источников литературы, анализ данных литературы. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания «Комплексная система оценки генотоксичности пищевых добавок» ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 26.07.2022 / Принята к печати: 04.08.2022 / Опубликована: 30.09.2022</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Sunset Yellow food azo dye (E110) is actively used to impart yellow-orange hues to food, pharmacological and cosmetic products. The control of consumption and the quality of the synthetic food dyes themselves, worries researchers from various countries, including the countries producing this segment of food additives, which are also used in the domestic food industry. Therefore, the safety assessment of azo dyes, including genotoxicity, is relevant.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Genotoxicity of the Sunset Yellow (produced in India, purity being 90,46%) was studied in the micronucleus test on bone marrow cells (hybrids F1 CBA × C57Bl6/j) in male mice. The test sample was injected twice into mice stomach in the dose range of 250–2000 mg/kg. The frequency of polychromatophilic erythrocytes (PCEs) with micronuclei was estimated by analysis of 4000 PCEs. The proportion of PCEs among all erythrocytes was determined by analyzing of 500 cells per animal.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. No change in the proportion of PCEs was observed with the introduction of Sunset Yellow over the entire range of doses studied. We revealed a significant increase in the frequency of PCE with micronuclei over the parallel negative control at the maximum dose, going beyond the upper 95% CI of the accumulated negative control, a linear dependence of the effect on the dose.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The data obtained do not allow us to determine the mechanism of the genotoxic action of the test substance.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The studied sample of Sunset Yellow food colouring under conditions of double injection showed poor cytogenetic activity in vivo micronucleus test on bone marrow cells in mice.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local ethical committee of the Research Institute of EDiTO of the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, carried out under the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experiments or Other Scientific Purposes (ETS N 123), Directive of the European Parlimicronuclei ament and Council of the European Union 2010/63/EU of 22.09.2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Akhaltseva L.V. — cytome analysis, search for literature sources, analysis of literature, writing a text; Yurchenko V.V. — concept and design of the study, work with animals, preparation of preparations for cytome analysis, statistical analysis, analysis of literature, writing a text; Yurtseva N.A. — work with animals, preparation of preparations for cytome analysis, cytome analysis, search for literature sources; Konyashkina M.A. — work with animals, preparation of preparations for cytome analysis; search for literature sources, analysis of literature. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. </p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. </p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The work was carried out within the framework of the state task «Complex system for assessing the genotoxicity of food additives» Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: July 26, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 30, 2022 </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генотоксичность пищевых синтетических азокрасителей</kwd><kwd>Жёлтый «солнечный закат» FCF (E110)</kwd><kwd>микроядерный тест in vivo</kwd><kwd>полихроматофильные эритроциты</kwd><kwd>костный мозг</kwd><kwd>мыши</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genotoxicity of food synthetic azo dyes</kwd><kwd>Sunset Yellow FCF (E 110)</kwd><kwd>in vivo micronucleus test</kwd><kwd>polychromatophilic erythrocytes</kwd><kwd>bone marrow</kwd><kwd>mice</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ананьева Е.А. 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