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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-10-1223-1227</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-2597</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ПИТАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOOD HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гигиеническая оценка поступления с рационом длинноцепочечных омега-3 полиненасыщенных жирных кислот</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygienic assessment of dietary intake of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2294-7444</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королев</surname><given-names>Алексей Анатольевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korolev</surname><given-names>Aleksei A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, профессор каф. экологии человека и гигиены окружающей среды ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет), 119991, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: korolev.a@1msmu.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Prof., Professor I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University) Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: korolev.a@1msmu.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korolev.a@1msmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5100-0890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лопухова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lopukhova</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2302-3008</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитенко</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitenko</surname><given-names>Elena I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7594-8336</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирпиченкова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirpichenkova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5141-1841</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисова</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisova</surname><given-names>Elena L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0135-7258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Онищенко</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Onishchenko</surname><given-names>Gennadiy G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1223</fpage><lpage>1227</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Королев А.А., Лопухова И.В., Никитенко Е.И., Кирпиченкова Е.В., Денисова Е.Л., Онищенко Г.Г., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Королев А.А., Лопухова И.В., Никитенко Е.И., Кирпиченкова Е.В., Денисова Е.Л., Онищенко Г.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korolev A.A., Lopukhova I.V., Nikitenko E.I., Kirpichenkova E.V., Denisova E.L., Onishchenko G.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2597">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2597</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Концепция сбалансированного питания предусматривает необходимость адекватного поступления с рационом не только энергии, макро- и микронутриентов, но и ряда минорных компонентов с доказанным физиологическим значением (биологической активностью). К таким соединениям относятся длинноцепочечные омега-3 жирные кислоты.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Фактическое питание изучалось методом трёхкратного 24-часового воспроизведения. По результатам исследований рассчитывали содержание эйкозапентаеновой (ЭПК) и докозагексаеновой (ДГК) кислот1,2, а также определяли их основные источники. В исследовании приняли участие 314 студентов Первого МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова. Группы сравнения были разделены по полу и по курсам обучения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Адекватный уровень потребления ДГК и ЭПК зарегистрирован у 50,6 и 35,7% студентов соответственно. Крайне низкое поступление (менее 25% от рекомендуемого уровня) с рационом ЭПК и ДГК отмечено соответственно у 30,9 и 15% респондентов. Дефицит поступления ЭПК и ДГК (менее 50% от рекомендуемого уровня) установлен у 44,6 и 34,1% студентов соответственно. В исследовании не установлено гендерного различия в содержании ЭПК и ДГК в рационе. Уровень медицинского образования существенно отразился на качестве рациона по содержанию ЭПК и ДГК: установлена практически прямая зависимость между курсом обучения и количеством поступающих ЭПК и ДГК. В рационе студентов старших курсов количество ЭПК и ДГК превысило аналогичные средние показатели для первокурсников соответственно на 81,9 и 67,4%.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Исследование имеет возрастные и региональные ограничения (молодые люди 18–29 лет, проживающие в Московском регионе), а также ограничения по анализируемым показателям: длинноцепочечные омега-3 полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты, поступающие с рационом.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Установлен существенный дефицит поступления с рационом длинноцепочечных омега-3 полиненасыщенных жирных кислот (ЭПК и ДГК) более чем у половины респондентов. Для достижения адекватного уровня поступления ЭПК и ДГК следует включать в еженедельный рацион несколько порций рыбы и ракообразных.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование проводилось в соответствии со стандартами, изложенными в Хельсинкской декларации Всемирной медицинской ассоциации, было одобрено локальным этическим комитетом Сеченовского Университета. </p></sec><sec><title>Согласие пациентов</title><p>Согласие пациентов. Каждый участник исследования дал информированное добровольное письменное согласие на участие в исследовании и публикацию персональной медицинской информации в обезличенной форме в журнале «Гигиена и санитария».</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Королев А.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста; Лопухова И.В. — сбор и обработка материала, статистическая обработка материала; Никитенко Е.И., Кирпиченкова Е.В., Денисова Е.Л. — обзор литературных данных, анализ полученных результатов; Онищенко Г.Г. — концепция исследования, редактирование текста. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 26.08.2022 / Принята к печати: 3.10.2022/ Опубликована: 23.10.2022</p></sec><sec><title>1 https</title><p>1 https://fineli.fi/fineli/en/index2 МР 2.3.1.0253–21. 2.3.1. Гигиена питания. Рациональное питание. Нормы физиологических потребностей в энергии и пищевых веществах для различных групп населения Российской Федерации. Методические рекомендации (утв. Главным государственным санитарным врачом Российской Федерации 22.07.2021 г.).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The concept of a balanced diet provides for the need for adequate intake of not only energy, macro- and micronutrients, but also a number of minor components with proven physiological significance (biological activity) with the diet. These compounds include long-chain omega-3 fatty acids.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Actual nutrition was studied by reproduction methods: three times 24-hour recall. Based on the results of the studies, the content of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids was calculated, and their main sources were determined. The study involved three hundred fourteen students of the First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov. The comparison groups were divided by gender and by course of study.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. An adequate level of consumption of DHA and EPA was registered in 50.6% and 35.7% of students, respectively. Extremely low intake (less than 25% of the recommended level) with the diet of EPA and DHA was observed in 30.9% and 15% of respondents, respectively. Deficiency in EPA and DHA intake (less than 50% of the recommended level) was found in 44.6% and 34.1% of students. The study did not find a gender difference in the content of EPA and DHA in the diet. The level of medical education significantly affected the quality of the diet in terms of the content of EPA and DHA: an almost direct relationship was established between the course of study and the amount of EPA and DHA received. In the diet of senior students, the amount of EPA and DHA exceeded the similar average values ​​in first-year students by 81.9% and 67.4%, respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study has age and regional restrictions: young people aged of 18-29 years living in the Moscow region, and restrictions on the analyzed indicators: long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplied with the diet.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. A significant deficit in the intake of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA and DHA) with the diet was established in more than half of the respondents. To achieve an adequate intake of EPA and DHA, several servings of fish and crustaceans should be included in the weekly diet.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was conducted in accordance with the standards set out in the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association, approved by the local ethical committee of Sechenov University. </p></sec><sec><title>Patient consent</title><p>Patient consent. Each participant of the study gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal "Gigiena i Sanitariya (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal)".</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Korolev A.A. — the concept and design of the study, writing the text; Lopukhova I.V. — collection and processing of material, statistical processing of material; Nikitenko E.I., Kirpichenkova E.V., Denisova E.L. — review of literature data, analysis of the obtained results; Onishchenko G.G. — the concept of the study, editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. </p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. </p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: August 26, 2022 / Accepted: October 3, 2022 / Published: October 23, 2022 </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фактическое питание</kwd><kwd>студенты</kwd><kwd>омега-3 полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты</kwd><kwd>эйкозапентаеновая кислота</kwd><kwd>докозагексаеновая кислота</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>actual nutrition</kwd><kwd>students</kwd><kwd>omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids</kwd><kwd>eicosapentaenoic acid</kwd><kwd>docosahexaenoic acid</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тутельян В.А., Никитюк Д.Б., ред. Нутрициология и клиническая диетология: национальное руководство. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tutel’yan V.A., Nikityuk D.B., eds. 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