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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-10-1233-1239</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-2599</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Актуальные проблемы гигиены и токсикологии пестицидов на основе глифосата</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Actual problems of hygiene and toxicology of pesticides based on glyphosate</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-6507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ракитский</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakitskiy</surname><given-names>Valerii N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4543-7364</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чхвиркия</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chkhvirkia</surname><given-names>Elena G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5648-6669</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирошникова</surname><given-names>Дарья Игоревна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Miroshnikova</surname><given-names>Darya I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, науч. сотр. отд. здорового и безопасного питания ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи.</p><p>e-mail: miroshnikovadi@fferisman.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, researcher of the Department of Healthy and safe nutrition, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: miroshnikovadi@fferisman.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">miroshnikovadi@fferisman.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2504-9815</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляева</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaeva</surname><given-names>Natalya N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4090-5202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вострикова</surname><given-names>Марина Валерьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vostrikova</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. токсикологии и гигиены окружающей среды ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи.</p><p>e-mail: vostrikovamv@fferisman.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, junior researcher of the Department of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: vostrikovamv@fferisman.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vostrikovamv@fferisman.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1233</fpage><lpage>1239</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ракитский В.Н., Чхвиркия Е.Г., Мирошникова Д.И., Беляева Н.Н., Вострикова М.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ракитский В.Н., Чхвиркия Е.Г., Мирошникова Д.И., Беляева Н.Н., Вострикова М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rakitskiy V.N., Chkhvirkia E.G., Miroshnikova D.I., Belyaeva N.N., Vostrikova M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2599">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2599</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В течение нескольких десятилетий глифосат является одним из наиболее широко используемых в мире гербицидов, но вопрос о безопасности глифосата и его коммерческих составов до сих пор остаётся спорным.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Установлены параметры острой пероральной и дермальной токсичности глифосата для крыс. Изучено раздражающее действие на кожу и слизистые оболочки глаз (крысы, кролики), сенсибилизирующее действие на морских свинках. С целью установления степени повреждающего действия на организм при длительном введении проводилось изучение хронического действия глифосата кислоты. О токсическом действии судили по изменению интегральных, гематологических, биохимических и физиологических показателей. Через 12 мес от начала эксперимента проводили патоморфологические исследования животных всех групп.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По результатам выполненных исследований установлены параметры токсичности и класс опасности согласно гигиенической классификации пестицидов и агрохимикатов (МР 1.2.0235–21 от 15.02.2021 г.) глифосата кислоты при воздействии на организм теплокровных животных.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. При установлении параметров токсикометрии глифосата кислоты внутригрупповое количество крыс составляло в зависимости от решаемых задач 6–8 особей, что представляет собой достаточную референтную выборку.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. На основании исследований, выполненных на лабораторных животных, подтверждено, что NOEL глифосата составляет 100 мг/кг массы тела, что соответствует 2000 мг/кг корма (ppm). Изложенное свидетельствует, что доза 2000 ppm намного превышает величины МДУ глифосата в coe на уровне 20 ppm (в 100 раз) и 0,15 ppm (более чем в 13 000 раз). Таким образом, можно сделать заключение о том, что максимально допустимый уровень глифосата в coe 20 мг/кг не оказывает вредного воздействия и не представляет реального риска для населения.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Заключение Этического комитета ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора № 11 от 26.09.2022 г.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Ракитский В.Н. — концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи; Чхвиркия Е.Г. — концепция исследования, обсуждение статьи; Мирошникова Д.И. — концепция исследования, проведение эксперимента, подготовка материала, обзор литературы, статистический анализ, написание текста; Беляева Н.Н. — выбор показателей, стереометрическое и морфометрическое определение показателей, статистический анализ, написание и обсуждение статьи; Вострикова М.В. — подготовка материала, определение части показателей с их стереометрической и морфометрической оценкой, написание статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 08.09.2022 / Принята к печати: 03.10.2022 / Опубликована: 23.10.2022</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. For several decades, glyphosate has been one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, but the safety of glyphosate and its commercial formulations is still controversial.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The parameters of acute oral and dermal toxicity of glyphosate in rats have been established. An irritant effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes (rats, rabbits), a sensitizing effect on guinea pigs were studied. To establish the degree of damaging effect on the body during its long-term administration, there was made a study of the chronic effect of glyphosate acid and specially prepared soybeans at doses of 0, 0.15, 20, 200, 2000 and 20,000 ppm. The toxic effect was judged by changes in integral, hematological, biochemical and physiological parameters. After 12 months from the beginning of the experiment, pathomorphological studies of animals of all groups were performed. There was performed a complete necropsy of the bodies of rats.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Based on the results of the studies, the parameters of toxicity and hazard class were established, according to the hygienic classification of pesticides and agrochemicals (MP 1.2.0235-21 dated February 15, 2021) of glyphosate acid when exposed to the body of warm-blooded animals.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. When setting the parameters of glyphosate acid toxicometry, the intragroup number of rats was 6–8 animals, depending on the tasks being solved, which is a sufficient reference sample.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Based on studies performed on laboratory animals, the maximum inactive level (NOEL) of glyphosate is confirmed to be 100 mg/kg body weight, which corresponds to 2000 mg/kg feed (ppm). The foregoing indicates that the dose of 2000 ppm is much higher than the MRLs of glyphosate in soy at the level of 20 ppm (100 times) and 0.15 ppm (more than l3,000 times). Thus, it can be concluded that the maximum allowable level of glyphosate in soy of 20.0 mg/kg does not have a harmful effect and does not represent a real risk to the population.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. Conclusion of the Ethics Committee of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation, No. 11 dated September 26, 2022.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Rakitsky V.N. — research concept, research design, editing, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article; Chkhvirkiya E.G. — the concept of the study, discussion of the article; Miroshnikova D.I. — research concept, experiment, material preparation, literature review, statistical analysis, article writing; Belyaeva N.N. — selection of indicators, stereometric and morphometric determination of indicators, statistical analysis, writing and discussion of the article; Vostrikova M.V. — preparation of material, determination of some indicators with their stereometric and morphometric assessment, writing an article. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. </p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. </p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. </p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: September 8, 2022 / Accepted: October 3, 2022 / Published: October 23, 2022 </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>токсикологические исследования</kwd><kwd>глифосата кислота</kwd><kwd>соевая диета</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>toxicology researches</kwd><kwd>glyphosate acid</kwd><kwd>soy diet</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benbrook C.M. Trends in glyphosate herbicide use in the United States and globally. Environ. Sci. 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