medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2019-98-1-105-117medlit-262Research ArticleОЦЕНКА РИСКОВ ДЛЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯHEALTH RISK ASSESSMENTТоксиколого-гигиеническая характеристика микотоксина стеригматоцистина и методы его определения в пищевых продуктахToxicological and hygienic characteristics of mycotoxin sterigmatocystin and methods for its determination in food productshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6011-4515СедоваИрина БорисовнаSedovaIrina B.

Канд. биол. наук, старший науч. сотр. лаб. энзимологии питания ФГБУН «ФИЦ питания и биотехнологии», 109240, Москва.

e-mail: isedova1977@mail.ru

MD, Ph.D., senior researcher of the laboratory of enzymology of nutrition of Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation.

e-mail: isedova1977@mail.ru

isedova1977@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1057-0886КиселеваМ. Г.KiselevaM. G.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7355-5259ЗахароваЛ. П.ZakharovaL. P.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4164-8992ТутельянВ. А.TutelyanV. A.noemail@neicon.ruФГБУН «ФИЦ питания и биотехнологии»Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology201914102020981105117Copyright © Седова И.Б., Киселева М.Г., Захарова Л.П., Тутельян В.А., 20202020Седова И.Б., Киселева М.Г., Захарова Л.П., Тутельян В.А.Sedova I.B., Kiseleva M.G., Zakharova L.P., Tutelyan V.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/262

В обзоре, основанном на анализе литературы и данных собственных исследований, дана токсиколого-гигиеническая характеристика стеригматоцистина (СТЦ). Этот микотоксин продуцируют микроскопические грибы видов Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Chaetomium, Emiricella, и является природным загрязнителем продовольственного зерна, пищевых продуктов (хлеба, сыров, специй, кофе, БАД к пище) и кормов. СТЦ являясь биогенным предшественником афлатоксина В1, имеет подобную химическую структуру, но его токсичность в десятки раз ниже. Однако совместное накопление этих токсинов является редким явлением. A. versicolor и A. nidulans не способны синтезировать ферменты, необходимые для трансформации СТЦ в афлатоксины, в то время как A. flavus и A. parasiticus обладают такой способностью. СТЦ отнесен Международным агентством по изучению рака (МАИР) к классу 2В (возможный канцероген для человека). Органом мишенью для СТЦ и афлатоксинов является печень. СТЦ обладает мутагенными, токсическими и тератогенными свойствами. Обобщены последние собственные и международные данные по распространенности СТЦ и аналитических методах его определения. Дана гигиеническая оценка значимости СТЦ как приоритетного загрязнителя. Также представлена информация об оценке поступления СТЦ с различными видами пищевых продуктов в некоторых странах мира, обсуждаются имеющиеся данные об установленных гигиенических регламентах его содержания в пищевых продуктах и кормах. Тем не менее, объем накопленных данных о частоте и уровнях загрязнения СТЦ пищевой продукции не достаточен и для установления гигиенических регламентов в приоритетных видах продукции требуются дополнительные систематические исследования. Поиск проведён по базам данных Web of Science, PubMed, E-library, CyberLeninka.

The present issue reviews literature and own research data and gives toxicological and hygienic characteristic of sterigmatocystin. This mycotoxin is produced by fungi of Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Chaetomium, Emiricella species, and is found in cereals, food products (bread, cheese, spices, coffee, dietary supplements) and feed. Sterigmatocystin being a biogenic precursor of aflatoxin B1, has similar chemical structure and exhibits the same toxicological properties, but its toxicity is ten times lower. However, these toxins are rarely detected together. A. versicolor and A. nidulans do not have enzymes necessary for the conversion of sterigmatocystin into aflatoxins, on the contrary, A. flavus and А. parasiticus transform almost all STC into aflatoxins. Sterigmatocystin has been recognized by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a 2B carcinogen (possibly carcinogenic to humans). The primary target organ for both mycotoxins is liver. Sterigmatocystin shows mutagenic, toxic and teratogenic effects in animals. Up to date national and international data on sterigmatocystin occurrence in different products is summarized, analytical methods of the determination are reviewed, hygienic assessment of the STC as a priority pollutant is given in the present paper. Also information on STC exposure assessment with regard to different kinds of foodstuff in different countries is being reported, available data on maximum levels of STC in food and feed is discussed. However, data on toxin’s occurrence in food is insufficient for elaboration of hygienic regulations on allowable mycotoxin’s concentration in priority products. Databases Web of Science, PubMed, E-library, CyberLeninka were used when searching the literature.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.