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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-11-1274-1282</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-2695</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Модифицирующее влияние факторов среды обитания на течение эпидемического процесса COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modifying impact of environmental factors on the course of an epidemic process</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-1145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitseva</surname><given-names>Nina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2567-9032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>Anna Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-5713</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клейн</surname><given-names>Светлана Владиславовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kleyn</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, зав. отд. системных методов санитарно-гигиенического анализа и мониторинга ФБУН «ФНЦ медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения», 614045, Пермь.</p><p>e-mail: kleyn@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci,, Head of the department of sanitary and hygienic analysis and monitoring of systemic methods Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: kleyn@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kleyn@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4185-9829</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Летюшев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Letyushev</surname><given-names>Aleksandr N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5406-4961</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирьянов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiryanov</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0345-3895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чигвинцев</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chigvintsev</surname><given-names>Vladimir M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4755-8306</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глухих</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glukhikh</surname><given-names>Maxim V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Occupational Learning of the RF Public Healthcare Ministry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1274</fpage><lpage>1282</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зайцева Н.В., Попова А.Ю., Клейн С.В., Летюшев А.Н., Кирьянов Д.А., Чигвинцев В.М., Глухих М.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зайцева Н.В., Попова А.Ю., Клейн С.В., Летюшев А.Н., Кирьянов Д.А., Чигвинцев В.М., Глухих М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zaitseva N.V., Popova A.Y., Kleyn S.V., Letyushev A.N., Kiryanov D.A., Chigvintsev V.M., Glukhikh M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2695">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2695</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Необходимость установления особенностей и закономерностей распространения заболеваемости COVID-19 требует продолжения исследований по формализации и пространственно-временному моделированию распространения инфекционного процесса. В статье рассматриваются вопросы определения факторов неинфекционной природы, модифицирующих течение эпидемического процесса, вызванного коронавирусом COVID-19, для обоснования системных решений в области обеспечения санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения регионов Российской Федерации.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование строилось на основе анализа закономерностей региональной дифференциации параметров математических моделей, отражающих ход эпидемического процесса в регионах Российской Федерации, в зависимости от модифицирующих факторов неинфекционной природы, полученных в результате моделирования динамики на примере распространения дельта-штамма вируса SARS-CoV-2. В качестве модифицирующих факторов выступали противоэпидемические мероприятия, санитарно-эпидемиологические, социально-демографические, экономические, погодно-климатические условия, показатели системы здравоохранения и образа жизни населения всех регионов Российской Федерации за 2020–2021 гг. Моделирование динамики эпидемического процесса выполняли с применением классической SIR-модели. Исследование зависимостей между параметрами модели эпидемического процесса с модифицирующими его региональными условиями проводили методами корреляционно-регрессионного анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По результатам моделирования определены приоритетные факторы риска, достоверно (p &lt; 0,05) модифицирующие процессы распространения COVID-19 и объясняющие региональные различия в показателях интенсивности инфицирования, выздоровления и летальности. Установлено, что среди противоэпидемических мероприятий наибольшее достоверное положительное влияние на снижение индекса репродукции вируса (R0) оказывает охват вакцинацией населения, особенно в возрастной группе 31–40 лет (r = –0,37). Повышение среднемесячных дневных температур в осенне-зимний период и в целом за год способствует увеличению скорости перехода восприимчивых лиц в категорию инфицированных (r = 0,21–0,22). Увеличение уровня солнечной инсоляции в течение года и особенно в летние месяцы обусловливает снижение скорости перехода восприимчивых лиц в категорию инфицированных: от r = –0,02 до r = –0,23. Из группы санитарно-эпидемиологических показателей достоверно усиливают скорость инфицирования ненормативные условия труда (физические факторы), качество атмосферного воздуха населённых мест по химическому и шумовому факторам (r = 0,29–0,24). На территориях со сравнительно более высоким потреблением алкогольной продукции удлиняется время выздоровления заболевших (r = –0,32).</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. К ограничениям исследования относятся: моделирование эпидемического процесса с использованием стандартной SIR-модели; ограниченный набор показателей и период анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Наблюдаемая региональная дифференциация в развитии отдельных стадий эпидемического процесса распространения дельта-штамма COVID-19 обусловлена сложным взаимодействием и влиянием модифицирующих факторов, формирующих определённую многоуровневую и многокомпонентную систему, обладающую свойствами трансформировать течение эпидемического процесса, потенцируя или замедляя его.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Для проведения данного исследования не требовалось заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике (исследование выполнено на общедоступных данных официальной статистики).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Зайцева Н.В., Попова А.Ю. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование; Клейн С.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование;Кирьянов Д.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста; Чигвинцев В.М., Глухих М.В. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста.Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 06.09.2022 / Принята к печати: 03.10.2022 / Опубликована: 30.11.2022</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. It is necessary to establish peculiarities and regularities of COVID-19 infection; this task requires further research on how to formalize and build spatial-temporal models of the infection spread. This article focuses on determining non-infectious factors that can modify the epidemic process caused by the COVID-19 coronavirus for further substantiation of integrated solutions that are necessary to ensure sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the RF population.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Our study involved analyzing regularities of regional differentiation in parameters introduced into mathematical models. These models described how the epidemic process developed in RF regions depending on modifying non-infectious factors identified by modelling the dynamics of spread of SARS-CoV-2 delta strain. These modifying factors included anti-epidemic activities; sanitary-epidemiological, sociodemographic, and economic conditions in a region; weather and climate; public healthcare systems and people’s lifestyles in RF regions over 2020–2021. The dynamics of the epidemic process was modelled by using the conventional SIR-model. Relationships between parameters introduced into the model of the epidemic process and modifying regional conditions were examined by using correlation-regression analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The modelling made it possible to identify priority risk factors that modified COVID-19 spread authentically (p&lt;0.05) and explained regional differences in intensity of contagion, recovery and lethality. We established that population coverage with vaccination, especially among people aged 31–40 years, had the greatest authentic positive influence on the decline of reproduction index (R0) of the virus (r=–0.37). An increase in monthly average temperatures in autumn and winter as well as over a year made for people moving faster from the susceptible to infected category (r=0.21–0.22). Growing sun insolation over a year, especially in summer, resulted in slower movement of susceptible people into the infected category (r=–0.02–(–0.23)). Next, several sanitary-epidemiological indicators authentically made the infection spread faster; they were improper working conditions (not conforming to the safety standards as per physical indicators) and ambient air quality in settlement not corresponding to the hygienic standards as per chemical indicators and noise (r=0.29–0.24). Recovery took longer in regions where alcohol consumption was comparatively higher (r=–0.32).</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The limitations of the study include modelling the epidemic process using the standard SIR model; limited set of indicators and period of analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The existing regional differentiation in development of specific stages in the epidemic process related to the COVID-19 delta strain occurs due to complex interactions and influence exerted by modifying factors that create a certain multi-level and multi-component system. This system is able to transform the epidemic process either potentiating it or slowing it down.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. No approval by the committee on biomedical ethics was required to accomplish this study (it was based on free available data taken from the official statistical reports).</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Zaitseva N.V., PopovaA.Yu. — concept and design of the study, writing text, editing; Kleyn S.V. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of the material, writing text, editing; Kiryanov D.A. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of the material, writing text; Chigvintsev V.M., Glukhikh M.V. — collection and processing of the material, writing text. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. </p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. </p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. </p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: October 20, 2022 / Accepted: October 3, 2022 / Published: November 30, 2022 </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпидемический процесс</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>дельта-штамм</kwd><kwd>факторы образа жизни</kwd><kwd>SIR-модель</kwd><kwd>скорость заражения</kwd><kwd>скорость выздоровления</kwd><kwd>летальность</kwd><kwd>вакцинация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epidemic process</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>Delta strain</kwd><kwd>environmental factors</kwd><kwd>SIR-model</kwd><kwd>speed of contagion</kwd><kwd>speed of recovery</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO. World Health Statistics 2022: Monitoring Health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals; 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO. 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