medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-11-1299-1306medlit-2698Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENEМеждународный опыт оценки загрязнения воздуха в районах размещения предприятий, выбросы которых обладают запахом (обзор литературы)International experience of air pollution assessment in areas where enterprises with odorous emissions are located (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4319-7192БударинаОльга ВикторовнаBudarinaOlga A.

Доктор мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва.

e-mail: obudarina@cspmz.ru

obudarina@cspmz.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6374-9292СковронскаяСветлана АлександровнаSkovronskayaSvetlana A.

Канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва.

e-mail: sko_sveta@mail.ru

sko_sveta@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-1280ИвановаСветлана ВладимировнаIvanovaSvetlana V.

Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва.

e-mail: sivanova@cspmz.ru

MD, PhD, senior researcher of the Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation.

e-mail: sivanova@cspmz.ru

sivanova@cspmz.ruФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияCentre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of RussiaRussian Federation2022261220221011112991306Copyright © Бударина О.В., Сковронская С.А., Иванова С.В., 20222022Бударина О.В., Сковронская С.А., Иванова С.В.Budarina O.A., Skovronskaya S.A., Ivanova S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2698

В статье представлен обзор литературы, посвящённой оценке загрязнения атмосферного воздуха в районах размещения предприятий — источников запаха. Согласно проведённому анализу, международная практика в области регулирования запахов в атмосфере включает разнообразные методы оценки их воздействия. Рассмотренные подходы — и прогнозные, и наблюдательные (эмпирические) — имеют свои преимущества и недостатки. Так, моделирование атмосферной дисперсии является очень ценным прогнозным инструментом и играет большую роль в оценке окружающих запахов. Тем не менее модели, хотя и основанные на строгих количественных расчётах, — это упрощение реальной ситуации. Точность данного метода существенно уменьшается в случаях непредсказуемых, незапланированных или аварийных выбросов. Более простым в использовании инструментом является качественная (дескриптивная) оценка запаха на основе риска (концепция «источник – путь – рецептор»). Эмпирические подходы (полевая ольфактометрия, группы испытателей) дают возможность оценить запаховое воздействие в данных реальных условиях, при этом для более объективной оценки нужны длительные исследования. Использование инструментальных методов ограничено тем, что запахи в воздухе обусловлены преимущественно сложными многокомпонентными смесями веществ с неизвестным характером комбинированного действия и уровнями ниже пределов обнаружения и т. д. Поэтому при разработке стратегии оценки запаха необходимо выбрать инструменты, наиболее подходящие в каждом конкретном случае. Согласно мнению многих авторов, для повышения качества и достоверности этой оценки в районах размещения предприятий и других объектов целесообразно применять все имеющиеся эмпирические подходы совместно с моделированием в сочетании с опросом жителей и другими способами анализа состояния здоровья населения. Получаемые в результате такой комплексной оценки данные позволят обосновать мероприятия по снижению загрязнения атмосферного воздуха пахучими веществами. Поиск литературы проводился в англоязычных текстовых базах PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science и в научной электронной библиотеке eLIBRARY.ru (РИНЦ).

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Бударина О.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи; Сковронская С.А. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи; Иванова С.В. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование. 

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания № АААА-А20-120101690059-2.

Поступила

Поступила: 19.07.2022 / Принята к печати: 04.08.2022 / Опубликована: 30.11.2022

The article provides a review of literature data on approaches to the ambient air pollution assessment in the areas where enterprises — sources of odour are located. According to the analysis, international practice in the field of odour management in the atmosphere includes a variety of methods of the odour impact assessing. The considered approaches, both predictive and observational (empirical), have their advantages and disadvantages. Thus, atmospheric dispersion modelling is a very valuable predictive tool and plays an important role in assessing ambient odours. However, the models, although based on rigorous quantitative calculations, are a simplification of the real situation. The accuracy of this method is significantly reduced in cases of unpredictable, unplanned or accidental releases. An easier-to-use tool is a qualitative (descriptive) risk-based odour assessment (source – pathway – receptor concept). Empirical approaches (field olfactometry, sniff tests) make it possible to assess odour exposure in given real conditions, while more objective assessment requires long-term studies. The use of instrumental methods is limited by the fact that odours in the air are mainly due to complex multicomponent mixtures of substances with an unknown nature of the combined action, with levels below the detection limits, etc. When developing an odour assessment strategy, it is necessary to select the tools that are most appropriate in each case. According to many authors, to improve the quality and reliability of this assessment in areas where enterprises and other facilities are located, it is advisable to use all available empirical approaches together with modelling, in combination with community surveys and other methods of analyzing the health status of the population. The data obtained as a result of such a comprehensive assessment will make it possible to substantiate measures to reduce air pollution by odorous substances. The literature search was carried out in the English-language text databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and in the scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.ru (RSCI).

Contribution

Contribution: Budarina O.V. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing the text, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article; Skovronskaya S.A. — collection and processing of material, writing the text, editing, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article; Ivanova S.V. — collection and processing of material, writing text, editing. 

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 

Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement. The research was carried out as part of state assignment No. АААА-А20-120101690059-2.

Received

Received: July 7, 2022 / Accepted: October 3, 2022 / Published: November 30, 2022 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.